(a) No person who is on leave of absence or not on active service shall be ordered into active service or on duty without permission of the Commandant of the Marine Corps, or the Chief of Naval Personnel, as appropriate, except:
(1) In the case of a person on leave of absence, by the officer who granted the leave or a superior, or
(2) By the senior officer present on a foreign station.
(b) In the event that the senior officer present of a foreign station issues any orders as contemplated by this article, he or she shall report the facts, including the reasons for issuing such orders, to the Commandant of the Marine Corps or the Chief of Naval Personnel, without delay.
(c) Retired officers of the Navy and Marine Corps may be ordered to active service, with their consent, in time of peace. In time of war or a national emergency, such retired officers may, at the discretion of the Secretary of the Navy, be ordered to active service.