(a) The commanding officer is responsible for the safe navigation of his or her ship or aircraft, except as prescribed otherwise in these regulations for ships at a naval shipyard or station, in drydock, or in the Panama Canal. During an armed conflict, an exercise simulating armed conflict, or an authorized law enforcement activity, competent authority may modify the use of lights or other safeguards against collision. Except in time of actual armed conflict, such modifications will be authorized only when ships or aircraft clearly will not be hazarded.
(b) Professional standards and regulations governing shiphandling, safe navigation, safe anchoring and related operational matters shall be promulgated by the Chief of Naval Operations.
(c) Professional standards and regulations governing the operation of naval aircraft and related matters shall be promulgated by the Chief of Naval Operations or the Commandant of the Marine Corps, as appropriate.
(d) The Commanding Officer is responsible for ensuring that weather and oceanic effects are considered in the effective and safe operation of his or her ship or aircraft.