(a) Each owner or operator of a new or existing primer or topcoat application operation subject to this subpart shall comply with the requirements specified in paragraph (c) of this section for those coatings that are uncontrolled (no control device is used to reduce organic HAP emissions from the operation), and in paragraph (d) of this section for those coatings that are controlled (organic HAP emissions from the operation are reduced by the use of a control device). Aerospace equipment that is no longer operational, intended for public display, and not easily capable of being moved is exempt from the requirements of this section.
(b) Each owner or operator shall conduct the handling and transfer of primers and topcoats to or from containers, tanks, vats, vessels, and piping systems in such a manner that minimizes spills.
(c) Uncontrolled coatings--organic HAP and VOC content levels. Each owner or operator shall comply with the organic HAP and VOC content limits specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(4) of this section for those coatings that are uncontrolled.
(1) Organic HAP emissions from primers shall be limited to an organic HAP content level of no more than: 540 g/L (4.5 lb/gal) of primer (less water), as applied, for general aviation rework facilities; or 650 g/L (5.4 lb/gal) of exterior primer (less water), as applied, to large commercial aircraft components (parts or assemblies) or fully assembled, large commercial aircraft at existing affected sources that produce fully assembled, large commercial aircraft; or 350 g/L (2.9 lb/gal) of primer (less water), as applied.
(2) VOC emissions from primers shall be limited to a VOC content level of no more than: 540 g/L (4.5 lb/gal) of primer (less water and exempt solvents), as applied, for general aviation rework facilities; or 650 g/L (5.4 lb/gal) of exterior primer (less water and exempt solvents), as applied, to large commercial aircraft components (parts or assemblies) or fully assembled, large commercial aircraft at existing affected sources that produce fully assembled, large commercial aircraft; or 350 g/L (2.9 lb/gal) of primer (less water and exempt solvents), as applied.
(3) Organic HAP emissions from topcoats shall be limited to an organic HAP content level of no more than: 420 g/L (3.5 lb/gal) of coating (less water) as applied or 540 g/L (4.5 lb/gal) of coating (less water) as applied for general aviation rework facilities. Organic HAP emissions from self-priming topcoats shall be limited to an organic HAP content level of no more than: 420 g/L (3.5 lb/gal) of self-priming topcoat (less water) as applied or 540 g/L (4.5 lb/gal) of self-priming topcoat (less water) as applied for general aviation rework facilities.
(4) VOC emissions from topcoats shall be limited to a VOC content level of no more than: 420 g/L (3.5 lb/gal) of coating (less water and exempt solvents) as applied or 540 g/L (4.5 lb/gal) of coating (less water and exempt solvents) as applied for general aviation rework facilities. VOC emissions from self-priming topcoats shall be limited to a VOC content level of no more than: 420 g/L (3.5 lb/gal) of self-priming topcoat (less water and exempt solvents) as applied or 540 g/L (4.5 lb/gal) of self-priming topcoat (less water) as applied for general aviation rework facilities.
(d) Controlled coatings--control system requirements. Each control system shall reduce the operation's organic HAP and VOC emissions to the atmosphere by 81% or greater, taking into account capture and destruction or removal efficiencies, as determined using the procedures in Sec. 63.750(g) when a carbon adsorber is used and in Sec. 63.750(h) when a control device other than a carbon adsorber is used.
(e) Compliance methods. Compliance with the organic HAP and VOC content limits specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(4) of this section shall be accomplished by using the methods specified in paragraphs (e)(1) and (e)(2) of this section either by themselves or in conjunction with one another.
(1) Use primers and topcoats (including self-priming topcoats) with HAP and VOC content levels equal to or less than the limits specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(4) of this section; or
(2) Use the averaging provisions described in Sec. 63.743(d).
(f) Application equipment. Except as provided in paragraph (f)(3) of this section, each owner or operator of a new or existing primer or topcoat (including self-priming topcoat) application operation subject to this subpart in which any of the coatings contain organic HAP or VOC shall comply with the requirements specified in paragraphs (f)(1) and (f)(2) of this section.
(1) All primers and topcoats (including self-priming topcoats) shall be applied using one or more of the application techniques specified in paragraphs (f)(1)(i) through (f)(1)(ix) of this section.
(i) Flow/curtain coat application;
(ii) Dip coat application;
(iii) Roll coating;
(iv) Brush coating;
(v) Cotton-tipped swab application;
(vi) Electrodeposition (dip) coating;
(vii) High volume low pressure (HVLP) spraying;
(viii) Electrostatic spray application; or
(ix) Other coating application methods that achieve emission reductions equivalent to HVLP or electrostatic spray application methods, as determined according to the requirements in Sec. 63.750(i).
(2) All application devices used to apply primers or topcoats (including self-priming topcoats) shall be operated according to company procedures, local specified operating procedures, and/or the manufacturer's specifications, whichever is most stringent, at alltimes. Equipment modified by the facility shall maintain a transfer efficiency equivalent to HVLP and electrostatic spray application techniques.
(3) The following situations are exempt from the requirements of paragraph (f)(1) of this section:
(i) Any situation that normally requires the use of an airbrush or an extension on the spray gun to properly reach limited access spaces;
(ii) The application of coatings that contain fillers that adversely affect atomization with HVLP spray guns and that the permitting agency has determined cannot be applied by any of the application methods specified in paragraph (f)(1) of this section;
(iii) The application of coatings that normally have a dried film thickness of less than 0.0013 centimeter (0.0005 in.) and that the permitting agency has determined cannot be applied by any of the application methods specified in paragraph (f)(1) of this section;
(iv) The use of airbrush application methods for stenciling, lettering, and other identification markings;
(v) The use of hand-held spray can application methods; and
(vi) Touch-up and repair operations.
(g) Inorganic HAP emissions. Except as provided in paragraph (g)(4) of this section, each owner or operator of a new or existing primer or topcoat application operation subject to this subpart in which any of the coatings that are spray applied contain inorganic HAP, shall comply with the applicable requirements in paragraphs (g)(1) through (g)(3) of this section.
(1) Apply these coatings in a booth or hangar in which air flow is directed downward onto or across the part or assembly being coated and exhausted through one or more outlets.
(2) Control the air stream from this operation as follows:
(i) For existing sources, the owner or operator must choose one of the following:
(A) Before exhausting it to the atmosphere, pass the air stream through a dry particulate filter system certified using the methods described in Sec. 63.750(o) to meet or exceed the efficiency data points in Tables 1 and 2 of this section; or Table 1--Two-Stage Arrestor; Liquid Phase Challenge for Existing Sources------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aerodynamic particle size
Filtration efficiency requirement, % range, [micro]m------------------------------------------------------------------------90.............................. 5.750.............................. 4.110.............................. 2.2------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 2--Two-Stage Arrestor; Solid Phase Challenge for Existing Sources------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aerodynamic particle size
Filtration efficiency requirement, % range, [micro]m------------------------------------------------------------------------90.............................. 8.150.............................. 5.010.............................. 2.6------------------------------------------------------------------------
(B) Before exhausting it to the atmosphere, pass the air stream through a waterwash system that shall remain in operation during all coating application operations; or
(C) Before exhausting it to the atmosphere, pass the air stream through an air pollution control system that meets or exceeds the efficiency data points in Tables 1 and 2 of this section and is approved by the permitting authority.
(ii) For new sources, either:
(A) Before exhausting it to the atmosphere, pass the air stream through a dry particulate filter system certified using the methods described in Sec. 63.750(o) to meet or exceed the efficiency data points in Tables 3 and 4 of this section; or
Table 3--Three-Stage Arrestor; Liquid Phase Challenge for New Sources------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aerodynamic particle size
Filtration efficiency requirement, % range, [micro]m------------------------------------------------------------------------95.............................. 2.080.............................. 1.065.............................. 0.42------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 4--Three-Stage Arrestor; Solid Phase Challenge for New Sources------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aerodynamic particle size
Filtration efficiency requirement, % range, [micro]m------------------------------------------------------------------------95.............................. 2.585.............................. 1.175.............................. 0.70------------------------------------------------------------------------
(B) Before exhausting it to the atmosphere, pass the air stream through an air pollution control system that meets or exceeds the efficiency data points in Tables 3 and 4 of this section and is approved by the permitting authority.
(iii) Owners or operators of new sources that have commenced construction or reconstruction after June 6, 1994 but prior to October 29, 1996 may comply with the following requirements in lieu of the requirements in paragraph (g)(2)(ii) of this section:
(A) Pass the air stream through either a two-stage dry particulate filter system or a waterwash system before exhausting it to the atmosphere.
(B) If the primer or topcoat contains chromium or cadmium, control shall consist of a HEPA filter system, three-stage filter system, or other control system equivalent to the three stage filter system as approved by the permitting agency.
(iv) If a dry particulate filter system is used, the following requirements shall be met:
(A) Maintain the system in good working order;
(B) Install a differential pressure gauge across the filter banks;
(C) Continuously monitor the pressure drop across the filter and read and record the pressure drop once per shift; and
(D) Take corrective action when the pressure drop exceeds or falls below the filter manufacturer's recommended limit(s).
(v) If a conventional waterwash system is used, continuously monitor the water flow rate and read and record the water flow rate once per shift. If a pumpless system is used, continuously monitor the booth parameter(s) that indicate performance of the booth per the manufacturer's recommendations to maintain the booth within the acceptable operating efficiency range and read and record the parameters once per shift.
(3) If the pressure drop across the dry particulate filter system, as recorded pursuant to Sec. 63.752(d)(1), is outside the limit(s) specified by the filter manufacturer or in locally prepared operating procedures, shut down the operation immediately and take corrective action. If the water path in the waterwash system fails the visual continuity/flow characteristics check, or the water flow rate recorded pursuant to Sec. 63.752(d)(2) exceeds the limit(s) specified by the booth manufacturer or in locally prepared operating procedures, or the booth manufacturer's or locally prepared maintenance procedures for the filter or waterwash system have not been performed as scheduled, shut down the operation immediately and take corrective action. The operation shall not be resumed until the pressure drop or water flow rate is returned within the specified limit(s).
(4) The requirements of paragraphs (g)(1) through (g)(3) of this section do not apply to the following:
(i) Touch-up of scratched surfaces or damaged paint;
(ii) Hole daubing for fasteners;
(iii) Touch-up of trimmed edges;
(iv) Coating prior to joining dissimilar metal components;
(v) Stencil operations performed by brush or air brush;
(vi) Section joining;
(vii) Touch-up of bushings and other similar parts;
(viii) Sealant detackifying;
(ix) Painting parts in an area identified in a title V permit, where the permitting authority has determined that it is not technically feasible to paint the parts in a booth; and
(x) The use of hand-held spray can application methods. [60 FR 45956, Sept. 1, 1996, as amended at 63 FR 15019, Mar. 27, 1998; 63 FR 46533, Sept. 1, 1998; 65 FR 76945, Dec. 8, 2000]