(a) The Administrator may review, and conduct independent audits concerning, any compliance certification and any other submission under the Acid Rain Program and make appropriate adjustments of the information in the compliance certifications and other submissions.
(b) The Administrator may deduct allowances from or return allowances to a source's compliance account in accordance with part 73 of this chapter based on the information in the compliance certifications and other submissions, as adjusted. [58 FR 3650, Jan. 11, 1993, as amended at 70 FR 25334, May 12, 2005]
Sec. Appendix A to Part 72--Methodology for Annualization of Emissions
Limits
For the purposes of the Acid Rain Program, 1985 emissions limits must be expressed in pounds of SO2 per million British Thermal Unit of heat input (lb/mmBtu) and expressed on an annual basis.
Annualization factors are used to develop annual equivalent SO2 limits as required by section 402(18) of the CAA. Many emission limits are enforced on a shorter term basis (or averaging period) than annually. Because of the variability of sulfur in coal and, in some cases, scrubber performance, meeting a particular limit with an averaging period of less than a year and at a specified statutory emissions level would require a lower annual average SO2 emission rate (or annual equivalent SO2 limit) than would the shorter term statutory limit. EPA has selected a compliance level of one exceedance per 10 years. For example, an SO2 emission limit of 1.2 lbs/MMBtu, enforced for a scrubbed unit over a 7-day averaging period, would result in an annualized SO2 emission limit of 1.16 lbs/MMBtu. In general, the shorter the averaging period, the lower the annual equivalent would be. Thus, the annualization of limits is established by multiplying each federally enforceable limit by an annualization factor that is determined by the averaging period and whether or not it's a scrubbed unit.
Table A-1--SO2Emission Averaging Periods and Annualization Factors------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annualization factor
---------------------
Definition Scrubbed Unscrubbed
---------------------
Unit Unit------------------------------------------------------------------------Oil/gas unit...................................... 1.00 1.00<=1 day........................................... 0.93 0.891 week............................................ 0.97 0.9230 days........................................... 1.00 0.9690 days........................................... 1.00 1.001 year............................................ 1.00 1.00Not specified..................................... 0.93 0.89At all times...................................... 0.93 0.89Coal unit: No Federal limit or limit unknown...... 1.00 1.00------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. Appendix B to Part 72--Methodology for Conversion of Emissions
Limits
For the purposes of the Acid Rain Program, all emissions limits must be expressed in pounds of SO2 per million British Thermal Unit of heat input (lb/mmBtu).
The factor for converting pounds of sulfur to pounds of SO2 is based on the molecular weights of sulfur (32) and SO2 (64). Limits expressed as percentage of sulfur or parts per million (ppm) depend on the energy content of the fuel and thus may vary, depending on several factors such as fuel heat content and atmospheric conditions. Generic conversions for these limits are based on the assumed average energy contents listed in table A-2. In addition, limits in ppm vary with boiler operation (e.g., load and excess air); generic conversions for these limits assume, conservatively, very low excess air. The remaining factors are based on site-specific heat rates and capacities to develop conversions for Btu per hour. Standard conversion factors for residual oil are 42 gal/bbl and 7.88 lbs/gal.
Table B-1--Conversion Factors
[Emission limits converted to lbs SO2/MMBtu by multiplying as below]----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plant fuel type
-------------------------------------------------
Unit measurement Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite
coal coal coal Oil----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lbs sulfur/ MMBtu............................................. 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0% sulfur in fuel.............................................. 1.66 2.22 2.86 1.07Ppm SO2....................................................... 0.00287 0.00384 ....... 0.00167Ppm sulfur in fuel............................................ ........... ............. ....... 0.00334Tons SO2/hour................................................. 2,000,000/(HEATRATE*SUMNDCAP*capacity factor)
\1\Lbs SO2/hour.................................................. 1,000/(HEATRATE*SUMNDCAP*capacity factor) \1\----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ In these cases, if the limit was specified as the ``site'' limit, the summer net dependable capability for
the entire plant is used; otherwise, the summer net dependable capability for the unit is used. For units
listed in the NADB, ``HEATRATE'' shall be that listed in the NADB under that field and ``SUMNDCAP'' shall be
that listed in the NADB under that field. For units not listed in the NADB, ``HEATRATE'' is the generator net
full load heat rate reported on Form EIA-860 and ``SUMNDCAP'' is the summer net dependable capability of the
generator (in MWe) as reported on Form EIA-860.
Table B-2--Assumed Average Energy Contents------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fuel type Average heat content------------------------------------------------------------------------Bituminous Coal........................ 24 MMBtu/ton.Subbituminous Coal..................... 18 MMBtu/ton.Lignite Coal........................... 14 MMBtu/ton.Residual Oil........................... 6.2 MMBtu/bbl.------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sec. Appendix C to Part 72--Actual 1985 Yearly SO2 Emissions
Calculation
The equation used to calculate the yearly SO2 emissions (SO2) is as follows: SO2 = (coal SO2 emissions) + (oil SO2 emissions)
(in tons)
If gas is the only fuel, gas emissions are defaulted to 0.
Each fuel type SO2 emissions is calculated on a yearly basis, using the equation: fuel SO2 emissions (in tons) = (yrly wtd. av. fuel sulfur %)
x (AP-42 fact.) x (1-scrb. effic. %/100) x (units conver.
fact.) x (yearly fuel burned)
For coal, the yearly fuel burned is in tons/yr and the AP-42 factor (which accounts for the ash retention of sulfur in coal), in lbs SO2 ton coal, is by coal type: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Coal type AP-42 factor------------------------------------------------------------------------Bituminous, anthracite................... 39 lbs/tonSubbituminous............................ 35Lignite.................................. 30------------------------------------------------------------------------
For oil, the yearly fuel burned is in gal/yr. If it is in bbl/yr, convert using 42 gal/bbl oil. The AP-42 factor (which accounts for the oil density), in lbs SO2/thousand gal oil, is by oil type: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oil type AP-42 factor------------------------------------------------------------------------Distillate (light)................... 142 lbs/1,000 galResidual (heavy)..................... 157------------------------------------------------------------------------
For all fuel, the units conversion factor is 1 ton/2000 lbs.
Sec. Appendix D to Part 72--Calculation of Potential Electric Output
Capacity
The potential electrical output capacity is calculated from the maximum design heat input from the boiler by the following equation:[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC10NO91.003 For example:
(1) Assume a boiler with a maximum design heat input capacity of 340 million Btu/hr.
(2) One-third of the maximum design heat input capacity is 113.3 mmBtu/hr. The one-third factor relates to the thermodynamic efficiency of the boiler.
(3) To express this in MWe, the standards conversion of 3413 Btu to 1 kw-hr is used: 113.3x10\6\ Btu/hrx1 kw-hr / 3413 Btux1 MWe / 1000 kw=33.2 MWe [58 FR 15649, Mar. 23, 1993]