(a) VOC emissions. The following equations shall comprise the simple model for VOC emissions. The simple model for VOC emissions shall be used only in determining toxics emissions: Summer = The period of May 1 through September 15Winter = The period of September 16 through April 30EXHVOCS1 = Exhaust nonmethane, nonethane VOC emissions from the fuel in
question, in grams per mile, for VOC control region 1 during
the summer period.EXHVOCS2 = Exhaust nonmethane, nonethane VOC emissions from the fuel in
question, in grams per mile, for VOC control region 2 during
the summer period.EXHVOCW = Exhaust nonmethane, nonethane VOC emissions from the fuel in
question, in grams per mile, during the winter period.EVPVOCS1 = Evaporative nonmethane, nonethane VOC emissions from the fuel
in question, in grams per mile, for VOC control region 1
during the summer period.EVPVOCS2 = Evaporative nonmethane, nonethane VOC emissions from the fuel
in question, in grams per mile, for VOC control region 2
during the summer period.RLVOCS1 = Running loss nonmethane, nonethane VOC emissions from the fuel
in question, in grams per mile, for VOC control region 1
during the summer period.RLVOCS2 = Running loss nonmethane, nonethane VOC emissions from the fuel
in question, in grams per mile, for VOC control region 2
during the summer period.REFVOCS1 = Refueling nonmethane, nonethane VOC emissions from the fuel
in question, in grams per mile, for VOC control region 1
during the summer period.REFVOCS2 = Refueling nonmethane, nonethane VOC emissions from the fuel
in question, in grams per mile, for VOC control region 2
during the summer period.OXCON = Oxygen content of the fuel in question, in terms of weight
percent (as measured under Sec. 80.46)RVP = Reid vapor pressure of the fuel in question, in pounds per square
inch (psi)
(1) The following equations shall comprise the simple model for VOC emissions in VOC Control Region 1 during the summer period: EXHVOCS1 = 0.444x(1-(0.127/2.7)xOXCON)EVPVOCS1 = 0.7952-0.2461xRVP +0.02293xRVPxRVPRLVOCS1 = -0.734+0.1096xRVP +0.002791xRVPxRVPREFVOCS1 = 0.04x((0.1667xRVP)-0.45)
(2) The following equations shall comprise the simple model for VOC emissions in VOC Control Region 2 during the summer period: EXHVOCS2 = 0.444 x (1 - (0.127/2.7) x OXCON)EVPVOCS2 = 0.813 - 0.2393 x RVP + 0.021239 x RVP x RVPRLVOCS2 = 0.2963 - 0.1306 x RVP + 0.016255 x RVP x RVPREFVOCS2 = 0.04 x ((0.1667 x RVP) - 0.45)
(3) The following equation shall comprise the simple model for VOC emissions during the winter period: EXHVOCW = 0.656 x (1 - (0.127/2.7) x OXCON)
(b) Toxics emissions. The following equations shall comprise the simple model for toxics emissions: EXHBEN = Exhaust benzene emissions from the fuel in question, in
milligrams per mileEVPBEN = Evaporative benzene emissions from the fuel in question, in
milligrams per mileHSBEN = Hot soak benzene emissions from the fuel in question, in
milligrams per mileDIBEN = Diurnal benzene emissions from the fuel in question, in
milligrams per mileRLBEN = Running loss benzene emissions from the fuel in question, in
milligrams per mileREFBEN = Refueling benzene emissions from the fuel in question, in
milligrams per mileMTBE = Oxygen content of the fuel in question in the form of MTBE, in
terms of weight percent (as measured under Sec. 80.46)ETOH = Oxygen content of the fuel in question in the form of ethanol, in
terms of weight percent (as measured under Sec. 80.46)ETBE = Oxygen content of the fuel in question in the form of ETBE, in
terms of weight percent (as measured under Sec. 80.46)FORM = Formaldehyde emissions from the fuel in question, in milligrams
per mileACET = Acetaldehyde emissions from the fuel in question, in milligrams
per milePOM = Emissions of polycyclic organic matter from the fuel in question,
in milligrams per mileBUTA = Emissions of 1,3-Butadiene from the fuel in question, in
milligrams per mileFBEN = Fuel benzene of the fuel in question, in terms of volume percent
(as measured under Sec. 80.46)FAROM = Fuel aromatics of the fuel in question, in terms of volume
percent (as measured under Sec. 80.46)TOXREDS1 = Total toxics reduction of the fuel in question during the
summer period for VOC control region 1 in percentTOXREDS2 = Total toxics reduction of the fuel in question during the
summer period for VOC control region 2 in percentTOXREDW = Total toxics reduction of the fuel in question during the
winter period in percent
(1) The following equations shall comprise the simple model for toxics emissions in VOC control region 1 during the summer period: TOXREDS1 = [100 x (53.2 -EXHBEN - EVPBEN - RLBEN - REFBEN - FORM - ACET
- BUTA - POM)] / 53.2EXHBEN = [1.884+0.949 x FBEN + 0.113 x (FAROM - FBEN)) / 100] x 1000 x
EXHVOCS1EVPBEN = HSBEN + DIBENHSBEN = FBEN x (EVPVOCS1 x 0.679) x 1000 x [(1.4448 - (0.0684 x MTBE/
2.0) - (0.080274 x RVP)) / 100]DIBEN = FBEN x (EVPVOCS1 x 0.321) x 1000 x [(1.3758 - (0.0579 x MTBE/
2.0) - (0.080274 x RVP)) / 100]RLBEN = FBEN x RLVOCS1 x 1000 x [(1.4448 - (0.0684 x MTBE/2.0) -
(0.080274 x RVP)) / 100]REFBEN = FBEN x REFVOCS1 x 1000 x [(1.3972 - (0.0591 x MTBE / 2.0) -
(0.081507 x RVP)) / 100] BUTA = 0.00556 x EXHVOCS1 x 1000POM = 3.15 x EXHVOCS1
(i) For any oxygenate or mixtures of oxygenates, the formaldehyde and acetaldehyde shall be calculated with the following equations: FORM = 0.01256 x EXHVOCS1 x 1000 x [1 + (0.421 / 2.7) x MTBE + TAME) +
(0.358 / 3.55) x ETOH + (0.137 / 2.7) x (ETBE + ETAE)]ACET = 0.00891 x EXHVOCS1 x 1000 x [1 + (0.078 / 2.7) x (MTBE + TAME) +
(0.865 / 3.55) x ETOH + (0.867 / 2.7) x (ETBE + ETAE)]
(ii) When calculating formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions using the equations in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section, oxygen in the form of alcohols which are more complex or have higher molecular weights than ethanol shall be evaluated as if it were in the form of ethanol. Oxygen in the form of methyl ethers other than TAME and MTBE shall be evaluated as if it were in the form of MTBE. Oxygen in the form of ethyl ethers other than ETBE shall be evaluated as if it were in the form of ETBE. Oxygen in the form of non-methyl, non-ethyl ethers shall be evaluated as if it were in the form of ETBE. Oxygen in the form of methanol or non-alcohol, non-ether oxygenates shall not be evaluated with the Simple Model, but instead must be evaluated through vehicle testing under the Complex Model per Sec. 80.48.
(2) The following equations shall comprise the simple model for toxics emissions in VOC control region 2 during the summer period: TOXREDS2 = 100 x (52.1 - EXHBEN - EVPBEN - RLBEN - REFBEN - FORM - ACET
- BUTA - POM) / 52.1 EXHBEN = [(1.884 + 0.949 x FBEN + 0.113 x (FAROM - FBEN)) / 100] x 1000
x EXHVOCS2EVPBEN = HSBEN + DIBENHSBEN = FBEN x (EVPVOCS2 x 0.679) x 1000 x [(1.4448 - (0.0684 x MTBE /
2.0) - (0.080274 x RVP)) / 100]DIBEN = FBEN x (EVPVOCS2 x 0.321) x 1000 x [(1.3758 - (0.0579 x MTBE /
2.0) - (0.080274 x RVP)) / 100]RLBEN = FBEN x RLVOCS2 x 1000 x [(1.4448 - (0.0684 x MTBE / 2.0) -
(0.080274 x RVP)) / 100]REFBEN = FBEN x REFVOCS2 x 1000 x [(1.3972 - (0.0591 x MTBE / 2.0) -
(0.081507 x RVP)) / 100]BUTA = 0.00556 x EXHVOCS2 x 1000POM = 3.15 x EXHVOCS2
(i) For any oxygenate or mixtures of oxygenates, the formaldehyde and acetaldehyde shall be calculated with the following equations: FORM = 0.01256 x EEXHVOCS2 x 1000 x [1 + (0.421 / 2.7) x (MTBE + TAME) +
(0.358 / 3.55) x ETOH + (0.137 / 2.7) x (ETBE + ETAE)]ACET = 0.00891 x EXHVOCS2 x 1000 x [1 + (0.078 / 2.7) x (MTBE + TAME) +
(0.865 / 3.55) x ETOH + (0.867 / 2.7) x (ETBE + ETAE)]
(ii) When calculating formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions using the equations in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section, oxygen in the form of alcohols which are more complex or have higher molecular weights than ethanol shall be evaluated as if it were in the form of ethanol. Oxygen in the form of methyl ethers other than TAME and MTBE shall be evaluated as if it were in the form of MTBE. Oxygen in the form of ethyl ethers other than ETBE shall be evaluated as if it were in the form of ETBE. Oxygen in the form of non-methyl, non-ethyl ethers shall be evaluated as if it were in the form of ETBE. Oxygen in the form of methanol or non-alcohol, non-ether oxygenates shall not be evaluated with the Simple Model, but instead must be evaluated through vehicle testing under the Complex Model per Sec. 80.48.
(3) The following equations shall comprise the simple model for toxics emissions during the winter period: TOXREDW = 100 x (55.5 - EXHBEN - FORM - ACET - BUTA - POM) / 55.5EXHBEN = [(1.884 + 0.949 x FBEN + 0.113 x (FAROM - FBEN)) / 100] x 1000
x EXHVOCWBUTA = 0.00556 x EXHVOCW x 1000POM = 2.13 x EXHVOCW
(i) For any oxygenate or mixtures of oxygenates, the formaldehyde and acetaldehyde shall be calculated with the following equations: FORM = 0.01256 x EXHVOCS1 x 1000 x [1 + (0.421 / 2.7) x (MTBE + TAME) +
(0.358 / 3.55) x ETOH + (0.137 / 2.7) x (ETBE + ETAE)]ACET = 0.00891 x EXHVOCS1 x 1000 x [1 + (0.078 / 2.7) x (MTBE + TAME) +
(0.865 / 3.55) x ETOH + (0.867 / 2.7) x (ETBE + ETAE)]
(ii) When calculating formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions using the equations in paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section, oxygen in the form of alcohols which are more complex or have higher molecular weights than ethanol shall be evaluated as if it were in the form of ethanol. Oxygen in the form of methyl ethers other than TAME and MTBE shall be evaluated as if it were in the form of MTBE. Oxygen in the form of ethyl ethers other than ETBE shall be evaluated as if it were in the form of ETBE. Oxygen in the form of non-methyl, non-ethyl ethers shall be evaluated as if it were in the form of ETBE. Oxygen in the form of methanol or non-alcohol, non-ether oxygenates shall not be evaluated with the Simple Model, but instead must be evaluated through vehicle testing under the Complex Model per Sec. 80.48.
(4) If the fuel aromatics content of the fuel in question is less than 10 volume percent, then an FAROM value of 10 volume percent shall be used when evaluating the toxics emissions equations given in paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2), and (b)(3) of this section.
(c) Limits of the model. (1) The model given in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section shall be used as given to determine VOC and toxics emissions, respectively, if the properties of the fuel being evaluated fall within the ranges shown in this paragraph (c). If the properties of the fuel being evaluated fall outside the range shown in this paragraph (c), the model may not be used to determine the VOC or toxics performance of the fuel: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fuel parameter Range------------------------------------------------------------------------Benzene content........................ 0.0-4.9 vol %.RVP.................................... 6.6-9.0 psi. \1\Oxygenate content...................... 0-4.0 wt %.
Aromatics content...................... 0-55 vol %.------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ For gasoline sold in California, the applicable RVP range shall be
6.4-9.0 psi.
(2) The model given in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section shall be effective from January 1, 1995 through December 31, 1997, unless extended by action of the Administrator. [59 FR 7813, Feb. 16, 1994, as amended at 59 FR 36958, July 20, 1994; 61 FR 20738, May 8, 1996] Sec. Sec. 80.43-80.44 [Reserved]