(a) The final test results shall be derived through the steps described in this section.
(b) The exhaust gas flow rate GEXHW and VEXHW shall be determined for each mode.
(1) For measurements using the mass flow method, see Sec. 89.416(a).
(2) For measurements using the fuel consumption and exhaust gas concentrations method, use the following equations: [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT] Where: [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT] K = 3.5
(3) Humidity values may be calculated from either one of the following equations: [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT] or [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
(c) When applying GEXHW, the measured ``dry'' concentration shall be corrected to a wet basis, if not already measured on a wet basis. This section is applicable only for measurements made on raw exhaust gas. Correction to a wet basis shall be according to the following formula: ConcWET = Kw x ConcDRY Where: KW is determined according to the equations in paragraph
(c)(1) or (c)(2) of this section.
(1) or (c)(2) of this section.
(1) For measurements using the mass flow method (see Sec. 89.416(a)): [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT] [alpha] = H/C mole ratio of the fuel.
(2) For measurements using the fuel consumption and exhaust gas concentrations method (see Sec. 89.416(b)): [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT] Where: [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
(d) As the NOX emission depends on intake air conditions, the NOX concentration shall be corrected for intake air temperature and humidity with the factor Kh given in the following formula. For engines operating on alternative combustion cycles, other correction formulas may be used if they can be justified or validated. The formula follows: [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
(e) The pollutant mass flow for each mode shall be calculated as follows: Gas mass = u x Gas conc. x GEXHWGas mass = v x Gas conc. x VEXHDGas mass = w x Gas conc. x VEXHW
The coefficients u (wet), v (dry), and w (wet) are to be used according to the following table: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gas u v w conc.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NOX.................................... 0.001587 0.00205 0.00205 ppm.CO..................................... 0.000966 0.00125 0.00125 ppm.HC..................................... 0.000478 .............. 0.000618 ppm.CO2.................................... 15.19 19.64 19.64 percent.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Note: The given coefficients u, v, and w are calculated for 273.15 K (0 C) and 101.3 kPa. In cases where the
reference conditions vary from those stated, an error may occur in the calculations.
(f) The following equations may be used to calculate the coefficients u, v, and w in paragraph (e) of this section for other conditions of temperature and pressure:
(1) For the calculation of u, v, and w for NOX (as NO2), CO, HC (in paragraph (e) of this section as CH1.80), CO2, and O2: Where: w = 4.4615.10-5x M if conc. in ppmw = 4.4615.10-1x M if conc. in percentv = wu = w/[rho]AirM = Molecular weight[rho]Air = Density of dry air at 273.15 K (0 C), 101.3 kPa
= 1.293 kg/m\3\
(2) For real gases at 273.15 K (0 C) and 101.3 kPa: For the calculation of u, v, and w w = gas x 10-6 if conc. in ppmv = wu = w/pAirpGas = Density of measured gas at 0 C, 101.3 kPas in g/m\3\
(3) General formulas for the calculation of concentrations at temperature (designated as T) and pressure (designated as p): --for ideal gases [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT] --for real gases [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT] with: 1% = 10\4\ ppmM = Molecular weight in g/Mo1Mv = Molecular Volume = 22.414 x 10-3 m\3\/Mol for
ideal gasesT = reference temperature 273.15 Kp = reference pressure 101.3 kPaT = Temperature in Cp = pressure in kPapGas = Density of the measured gas at 0 C, 101.3 kPaConc. = Gas concentration
(g)(1) The emission shall be calculated for all individual components in the following way where power at idle is equal to zero: [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
(1) The emission shall be calculated for all individual components in the following way where power at idle is equal to zero: [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
(2) The weighting factors and the number of modes (n) used in the calculation in paragraph (g)(1) of this section are according to Sec. 89.410. [59 FR 31335, June 17, 1994. Redesignated and amended at 63 FR 56996, 57017, Oct. 23, 1998]