(a) Under Sec. 51.50, every environmental report prepared for the construction permit stage or early site permit stage or combined license stage of a light-water-cooled nuclear power reactor, and submitted on or after September 4, 1979, shall take Table S-3, Table of Uranium Fuel Cycle Environmental Data, as the basis for evaluating the contribution of the environmental effects of uranium mining and milling, the production of uranium hexafluoride, isotopic enrichment, fuel fabrication, reprocessing of irradiated fuel, transportation of radioactive materials and management of low-level wastes and high-level wastes related to uranium fuel cycle activities to the environmental costs of licensing the nuclear power reactor. Table S-3 shall be included in the environmental report and may be supplemented by a discussion of the environmental significance of the data set forth in the table as weighed in the analysis for the proposed facility.
(b) Table S-3.
Table S-3--Table of Uranium Fuel Cycle Environmental Data \1\
[Normalized to model LWR annual fuel requirement [WASH-1248] or
reference reactor year [NUREG-0116]]
[See footnotes at end of this table]------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maximum effect per
annual fuel requirement
Environmental considerations Total or reference reactor
year of model 1,000 MWe
LWR------------------------------------------------------------------------
Natural Resource UseLand (acres):
Temporarily committed \2\......... 100
Undisturbed area................ 79
Disturbed area.................. 22 Equivalent to a 110 MWe
coal-fired power
plant.
Permanently committed............. 13
Overburden moved (millions of MT). 2.8 Equivalent to 95 MWe
coal-fired power
plant.
-----------Water (millions of gallons):
Discharged to air................. 160 =2 percent of model
1,000 MWe LWR with
cooling tower.
Discharged to water bodies........ 11,090
Discharged to ground.............. 127
-----------
Total......................... 11,377 <4 percent of model
1,000 MWe LWR with
once-through cooling.
-----------Fossil fuel:
Electrical energy (thousands of MW- 323 <5 percent of model
hour). 1,000 MWe LWR output.
Equivalent coal (thousands of MT). 118 Equivalent to the
consumption of a 45
MWe coal-fired power
plant.
Natural gas (millions of scf)..... 135 <0.4 percent of model
1,000 MWe energy
output.
Effluents--Chemical (MT)
Gases (including entrainment): \3\
SOX............................... 4,400
NOX\4\............................ 1,190 Equivalent to emissions
from 45 MWe coal-fired
plant for a year.
Hydrocarbons...................... 14
CO................................ 29.6
Particulates...................... 1,154Other gases:
F................................. .67 Principally from UF6
production,
enrichment, and
reprocessing.
Concentration within
range of state
standards--below level
that has effects on
human health.
HCl............................... .014
Liquids:SO -4............................... 9.9 From enrichment, fuelNO -3............................... 25.8 fabrication, andFluoride............................ 12.9 reprocessing steps.Ca \+\.............................. 5.4 Components thatC1 -................................ 8.5 constitute a potentialNa \+\.............................. 12.1 for adverseNH 3................................ 10.0 environmental effectFe.................................. .4 are present in dilute
concentrations and
receive additional
dilution by receiving
bodies of water to
levels below
permissible standards.
The constituents that
require dilution and
the flow of dilution
water are: NH 3--600
cfs., NO 3--20 cfs.,
Fluoride--70 cfs.Tailings solutions (thousands of MT) 240 From mills only--no
significant effluents
to environment.Solids.............................. 91,000 Principally from mills--
no significant
effluents to
environment.
Effluents--Radiological (curies)
Gases (including entrainment):
Rn-222............................ ......... Presently under
reconsideration by the
Commission.
Ra-226............................ .02
Th-230............................ .02
Uranium........................... .034
Tritium (thousands)............... 18.1
C-14.............................. 24
Kr-85 (thousands)................. 400
Ru-106............................ .14 Principally from fuel
reprocessing plants.
I-129............................. 1.3
I-131............................. .83
Tc-99............................. ......... Presently under
consideration by the
Commission.
Fission products and transuranics. .203
Liquids:
Uranium and daughters............. 2.1 Principally from
milling--included
tailings liquor and
returned to ground--no
effluents; therefore,
no effect on
environment.
Ra-226............................ .0034 From UF6 production.
Th-230............................ .0015
Th-234............................ .01 From fuel fabrication
plants--concentration
10 percent of 10 CFR
20 for total
processing 26 annual
fuel requirements for
model LWR.
Fission and activation products... 5.9x10-6Solids (buried on site):
Other than high level (shallow)... 11,300 9,100 Ci comes from low
level reactor wastes
and 1,500 Ci comes
from reactor
decontamination and
decommissioning--burie
d at land burial
facilities. 600 Ci
comes from mills--
included in tailings
returned to ground.
Approximately 60 Ci
comes from conversion
and spent fuel
storage. No
significant effluent
to the environment.
TRU and HLW (deep)................ 1.1x10\7\ Buried at Federal
Repository.Effluents--thermal (billions of 4,063 <5 percent of model
British thermal units). 1,000 MWe LWR.Transportation (person-rem):
Exposure of workers and general 2.5
public.
Occupational exposure (person-rem) 22.6 From reprocessing and
waste management.------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ In some cases where no entry appears it is clear from the background
documents that the matter was addressed and that, in effect, the Table
should be read as if a specific zero entry had been made. However,
there are other areas that are not addressed at all in the Table.
Table S-3 does not include health effects from the effluents described
in the Table, or estimates of releases of Radon-222 from the uranium
fuel cycle or estimates of Technetium-99 released from waste
management or reprocessing activities. These issues may be the subject
of litigation in the individual licensing proceedings.Data supporting this table are given in the ``Environmental Survey of
the Uranium Fuel Cycle,'' WASH-1248, April 1974; the ``Environmental
Survey of the Reprocessing and Waste Management Portion of the LWR
Fuel Cycle,'' NUREG-0116 (Supp.1 to WASH-1248); the ``Public Comments
and Task Force Responses Regarding the Environmental Survey of the
Reprocessing and Waste Management Portions of the LWR Fuel Cycle,''
NUREG-0216 (Supp. 2 to WASH-1248); and in the record of the final
rulemaking pertaining to Uranium Fuel Cycle Impacts from Spent Fuel
Reprocessing and Radioactive Waste Management, Docket RM-50-3. The
contributions from reprocessing, waste management and transportation
of wastes are maximized for either of the two fuel cycles (uranium
only and no recycle). The contribution from transportation excludes
transportation of cold fuel to a reactor and of irradiated fuel and
radioactive wastes from a reactor which are considered in Table S-4 of
Sec. 51.20(g). The contributions from the other steps of the fuel
cycle are given in columns A-E of Table S-3A of WASH-1248.\2\ The contributions to temporarily committed land from reprocessing
are not prorated over 30 years, since the complete temporary impact
accrues regardless of whether the plant services one reactor for one
year or 57 reactors for 30 years.\3\ Estimated effluents based upon combustion of equivalent coal for
power generation.\4\ 1.2 percent from natural gas use and process. [49 FR 9381, Mar. 12, 1984; 49 FR 10922, Mar. 23, 1984, as amended at 67 FR 77652, Dec. 19, 2002; 72 FR 49512, Aug. 28, 2007]