Except as otherwise provided in Sec. 4281.16 (regarding plans that are closing out), the plan sponsor shall value benefits as of the valuation date by--
(a) Using the interest assumptions described in Table I of appendix B to part 4044 of this chapter;
(b) Using the mortality assumptions described in Sec. 4281.14;
(c) Using interpolation methods, where necessary, at least as accurate as linear interpolation;
(d) Applying valuation formulas that accord with generally accepted actuarial principles and practices; and
(e) Adjusting the values to reflect the loading for expenses in accordance with appendix C to part 4044 of this chapter (substituting the term ``benefits'' for the term ``benefit liabilities (as defined in 29 U.S.C. Sec. 1301(a)(16))''). [61 FR 34118, July 1, 1996, as amended at 63 FR 38307, July 16, 1998]