This section describes how to calculate official emission results for CO2, CH4, and N2O.
(a) Calculate brake-specific emission rates for each applicable duty cycle as specified in 40 CFR 1065.650. Do not apply infrequent regeneration adjustment factors to your results.
(b) Adjust CO2 emission rates calculated under paragraph (a) of this section for measured test fuel properties as specified in this paragraph (b) to obtain the official emission results. You are not required to apply this adjustment for fuels containing at least 75 percent pure alcohol, such as E85. The purpose of this adjustment is to make official emission results independent of differences in test fuels within a fuel type. Use good engineering judgment to develop and apply testing protocols to minimize the impact of variations in test fuels.
(1) For liquid fuels, determine the net energy content (Btu per pound of fuel) according to ASTM D4809 or ASTM D240 (both incorporated by reference in Sec. 1036.810) and carbon weight fraction (dimensionless) of your test fuel according to ASTM D5291 (incorporated by reference in Sec. 1036.810). (Note that we recommend using ASTM D4809.) For gaseous fuels, use good engineering judgment to determine the fuel's net energy content and carbon weight fraction. (Note: Net energy content is also sometimes known as lower heating value.) Calculate the test fuel's carbon-specific net energy content (Btu/lbC) by dividing the net energy content by the carbon fraction, expressed to at least five significant figures. You may perform these calculations using SI units with the following conversion factors: one Btu equals 1055.06 Joules and one Btu/lb equals 0.0023260 MJ/kg.
(2) If you control test fuel properties so that variations in the actual carbon-specific energy content are the same as or smaller than the repeatability of measuring carbon-specific energy content, you may use a constant value equal to the average carbon-specific energy content of your test fuel. Otherwise, use the measured value for the specific test fuel used for a given test. If you use a constant value, you must update or verify the value at least once per year, or after changes in test fuel suppliers or specifications.
(3) Calculate the adjustment factor for carbon-specific net energy content by dividing the carbon-specific net energy content of your test fuel by the reference level in the following table, expressed to at least five decimal places. Note that as used in this section, the unit lbC means pound of carbon and kgC means kilogram of carbon. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reference Reference
carbon- carbon-
Fuel type specific net specific net
energy content energy content
(Btu/lbC) (MJ/kgC)------------------------------------------------------------------------Diesel fuel............................. 21,200 49.3112Gasoline................................ 21,700 50.4742Natural Gas............................. 28,500 66.2910LPG..................................... 24,300 56.5218------------------------------------------------------------------------
(4) Your official emission result equals your calculated brake-specific emission rate multiplied by the adjustment factor specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section. For example, if the net energy content and carbon fraction of your diesel test fuel are 18,400 Btu/lb and 0.870, the carbon-specific net energy content of the test fuel would be 21,149 Btu/lbC. The adjustment factor in the example above would be 0.99759 (21,149/21,200). If your brake-specific CO2 emission rate was 630.0 g/hp-hr, your official emission result would be 628.5 g/hp-hr.