Terms used but not defined in this section are defined in the CAA and in subparts A and B of this part.
Administrator means the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or his/her authorized representative or the Administrator of a State Air Pollution Control Agency.
Air curtain incinerator means an incinerator that operates by forcefully projecting a curtain of air across an open chamber or pit in which combustion occurs. Incinerators of that type can be constructed above or below ground and with or without refractory walls and floor.
Batch municipal waste combustion unit means a municipal waste combustion unit designed so it cannot combust municipal solid waste continuously 24 hours per day because the design does not allow waste to be fed to the unit or ash to be removed during combustion.
Calendar quarter means three consecutive months (nonoverlapping) beginning on: January 1, April 1, July 1, or October 1.
Calendar year means 365 (or 366 consecutive days for leap years) consecutive days starting on January 1 and ending on December 31.
Chief facility operator means the person in direct charge and control of the operation of a municipal waste combustion unit. That person is responsible for daily onsite supervision, technical direction, management, and overall performance of the municipal waste combustion unit.
Class I units mean small municipal waste combustion units subject to this subpart that are located at municipal waste combustion plants with an aggregate plant combustion capacity greater than 250 tons per day of municipal solid waste. See the definition in this section of ``municipal waste combustion plant capacity'' for specification of which units at a plant site are included in the aggregate capacity calculation.
Class II units mean small municipal waste combustion units subject to this subpart that are located at municipal waste combustion plants with an aggregate plant combustion capacity less than or equal to 250 tons per day of municipal solid waste. See the definition in this section of ``municipal waste combustion plant capacity'' for specification of which units at a plant site are included in the aggregate capacity calculation.
Clean wood means untreated wood or untreated wood products including clean untreated lumber, tree stumps (whole or chipped), and tree limbs (whole or chipped). Clean wood does not include two items:
(1) ``Yard waste,'' which is defined elsewhere in this section.
(2) Construction, renovation, or demolition wastes (for example, railroad ties and telephone poles) that are exempt from the definition of ``municipal solid waste'' in this section.
Co-fired combustion unit means a unit that combusts municipal solid waste with nonmunicipal solid waste fuel (for example, coal, industrial process waste). To be considered a co-fired combustion unit, the unit must be subject to a federally enforceable permit that limits it to combusting a fuel feed stream which is 30 percent or less (by weight) municipal solid waste as measured each calendar quarter.
Continuous burning means the continuous, semicontinuous, or batch feeding of municipal solid waste to dispose of the waste, produce energy, or provide heat to the combustion system in preparation for waste disposal or energy production. Continuous burning does not mean the use of municipal solid waste solely to thermally protect the grate or hearth during the startup period when municipal solid waste is not fed to the grate or hearth.
Continuous emission monitoring system means a monitoring system that continuously measures the emissions of a pollutant from a municipal waste combustion unit.
Dioxins/furans mean tetra- through octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans.
Eight-hour block average means the average of all hourly emission concentrations or parameter levels when the municipal waste combustion unit operates and combusts municipal solid waste measured over any of three 8-hour periods of time:
(1) 12:00 midnight to 8:00 a.m.
(2) 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
(3) 4:00 p.m. to 12:00 midnight.
Federally enforceable means all limits and conditions the Administrator can enforce (including the requirements of 40 CFR parts 60, 61, and 63), requirements in a State's implementation plan, and any permit requirements established under 40 CFR 52.21 or under 40 CFR 51.18 and 40 CFR 51.24.
First calendar half means the period that starts on January 1 and ends on June 30 in any year.
Fluidized bed combustion unit means a unit where municipal waste is combusted in a fluidized bed of material. The fluidized bed material may remain in the primary combustion zone or may be carried out of the primary combustion zone and returned through a recirculation loop.
Four-hour block average or 4-hour block average means the average of all hourly emission concentrations or parameter levels when the municipal waste combustion unit operates and combusts municipal solid waste measured over any of six 4-hour periods:
(1) 12:00 midnight to 4:00 a.m.
(2) 4:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m.
(3) 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 noon.
(4) 12:00 noon to 4:00 p.m.
(5) 4:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m.
(6) 8:00 p.m. to 12:00 midnight.
Mass burn refractory municipal waste combustion unit means a field-erected municipal waste combustion unit that combusts municipal solid waste in a refractory wall furnace. Unless otherwise specified, that includes municipal waste combustion units with a cylindrical rotary refractory wall furnace.
Mass burn rotary waterwall municipal waste combustion unit means a field-erected municipal waste combustion unit that combusts municipal solid waste in a cylindrical rotary waterwall furnace.
Mass burn waterwall municipal waste combustion unit means a field-erected municipal waste combustion unit that combusts municipal solid waste in a waterwall furnace.
Materials separation plan means a plan that identifies a goal and an approach for separating certain components of municipal solid waste for a given service area in order to make the separated materials available for recycling. A materials separation plan may include three items:
(1) Elements such as dropoff facilities, buy-back or deposit-return incentives, curbside pickup programs, or centralized mechanical separation systems.
(2) Different goals or approaches for different subareas in the service area.
(3) No materials separation activities for certain subareas or, if warranted, the entire service area.
Maximum demonstrated load of a municipal waste combustion unit means the highest 4-hour block arithmetic average municipal waste combustion unit load achieved during 4 consecutive hours in the course of the most recent dioxins/furans stack test that demonstrates compliance with the applicable emission limit for dioxins/furans specified in this subpart.
Maximum demonstrated temperature of the particulate matter control device means the highest 4-hour block arithmetic average flue gas temperature measured at the inlet of the particulate matter control device during 4 consecutive hours in the course of the most recent stack test for dioxins/furans emissions that demonstrates compliance with the limits specified in this subpart.
Medical/infectious waste means any waste meeting the definition of ``medical/infectious waste'' in Sec. 60.51c of subpart E, of this part.
Mixed fuel-fired (pulverized coal/refuse-derived fuel) combustion unit means a combustion unit that combusts coal and refuse-derived fuel simultaneously, in which pulverized coal is introduced into an air stream that carries the coal to the combustion chamber of the unit where it is combusted in suspension. That includes both conventional pulverized coal and micropulverized coal.
Modification or modified municipal waste combustion unit means a municipal waste combustion unit you have changed after June 6, 2001 and that meets one of two criteria:
(1) The cumulative cost of the changes over the life of the unit exceeds 50 percent of the original cost of building and installing the unit (not including the cost of land) updated to current costs.
(2) Any physical change in the municipal waste combustion unit or change in the method of operating it that increases the emission level of any air pollutant for which new source performance standards have been established under section 129 or section 111 of the CAA. Increases in the emission level of any air pollutant are determined when the municipal waste combustion unit operates at 100 percent of its physical load capability and are measured downstream of all air pollution control devices. Load restrictions based on permits or other nonphysical operational restrictions cannot be considered in the determination.
Modular excess-air municipal waste combustion unit means a municipal waste combustion unit that combusts municipal solid waste, is not field-erected, and has multiple combustion chambers, all of which are designed to operate at conditions with combustion air amounts in excess of theoretical air requirements.
Modular starved-air municipal waste combustion unit means a municipal waste combustion unit that combusts municipal solid waste, is not field-erected, and has multiple combustion chambers in which the primary combustion chamber is designed to operate at substoichiometric conditions.
Municipal solid waste or municipal-type solid waste means household, commercial/retail, or institutional waste. Household waste includes material discarded by residential dwellings, hotels, motels, and other similar permanent or temporary housing. Commercial/retail waste includes material discarded by stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses, nonmanufacturing activities at industrial facilities, and other similar establishments or facilities. Institutional waste includes materials discarded by schools, by hospitals (nonmedical), by nonmanufacturing activities at prisons and government facilities, and other similar establishments or facilities. Household, commercial/retail, and institutional waste does include yard waste and refuse-derived fuel. Household, commercial/retail, and institutional waste does not include used oil; sewage sludge; wood pallets; construction, renovation, and demolition wastes (which include railroad ties and telephone poles); clean wood; industrial process or manufacturing wastes; medical waste; or motor vehicles (including motor vehicle parts or vehicle fluff).
Municipal waste combustion plant means one or more municipal waste combustion units at the same location as specified under Applicability (Sec. 60.1015(a)and (b)).
Municipal waste combustion plant capacity means the aggregate municipal waste combustion capacity of all municipal waste combustion units at the plant that are subject to subparts Ea or Eb of this part, or this subpart.
Municipal waste combustion unit means any setting or equipment that combusts solid, liquid, or gasified municipal solid waste including, but not limited to, field-erected combustion units (with or without heat recovery), modular combustion units (starved-air or excess-air), boilers (for example, steam generating units), furnaces (whether suspension-fired, grate-fired, mass-fired, air curtain incinerators, or fluidized bed-fired), and pyrolysis/combustion units. Two criteria further define municipal waste combustion units:
(1) Municipal waste combustion units do not include pyrolysis or combustion units located at a plastics or rubber recycling unit as specified under Applicability (Sec. 60.1020(h) and (i)). Municipal waste combustion units also do not include cement kilns that combust municipal solid waste as specified under Applicability (Sec. 60.1020(j)). Municipal waste combustion units also do not include internal combustion engines, gas turbines, or other combustion devices that combust landfill gases collected by landfill gas collection systems.
(2) The boundaries of a municipal waste combustion unit are defined as follows. The municipal waste combustion unit includes, but is not limited to, the municipal solid waste fuel feed system, grate system, flue gas system, bottom ash system, and the combustion unit water system. The municipal waste combustion unit does not include air pollution control equipment, the stack, water treatment equipment, or the turbine-generator set. The municipal waste combustion unit boundary starts at the municipal solid waste pit or hopper and extends through three areas:
(i) The combustion unit flue gas system, which ends immediately after the heat recovery equipment or, if there is no heat recovery equipment, immediately after the combustion chamber.
(ii) The combustion unit bottom ash system, which ends at the truck loading station or similar equipment that transfers the ash to final disposal. It includes all ash handling systems connected to the bottom ash handling system.
(iii) The combustion unit water system, which starts at the feed water pump and ends at the piping that exits the steam drum or superheater.
Particulate matter means total particulate matter emitted from municipal waste combustion units as measured using EPA Reference Method 5 in appendix A of this part and the procedures specified in Sec. 60.1300.
Plastics or rubber recycling unit means an integrated processing unit for which plastics, rubber, or rubber tires are the only feed materials (incidental contaminants may be in the feed materials). The feed materials are processed and marketed to become input feed stock for chemical plants or petroleum refineries. The following three criteria further define a plastics or rubber recycling unit:
(1) Each calendar quarter, the combined weight of the feed stock that a plastics or rubber recycling unit produces must be more than 70 percent of the combined weight of the plastics, rubber, and rubber tires that recycling unit processes.
(2) The plastics, rubber, or rubber tires fed to the recycling unit may originate from separating or diverting plastics, rubber, or rubber tires from municipal or industrial solid waste. The feed materials may include manufacturing scraps, trimmings, and off-specification plastics, rubber, and rubber tire discards.
(3) The plastics, rubber, and rubber tires fed to the recycling unit may contain incidental contaminants (for example, paper labels on plastic bottles or metal rings on plastic bottle caps).
Potential hydrogen chloride emissions means the level of emissions from a municipal waste combustion unit that would occur from combusting municipal solid waste without emission controls for acid gases.
Potential mercury emissions means the level of emissions from a municipal waste combustion unit that would occur from combusting municipal solid waste without controls for mercury emissions.
Potential sulfur dioxide emissions means the level of emissions from a municipal waste combustion unit that would occur from combusting municipal solid waste without emission controls for acid gases.
Pyrolysis/combustion unit means a unit that produces gases, liquids, or solids by heating municipal solid waste. The gases, liquids, or solids produced are combusted and the emissions vented to the atmosphere.
Reconstruction means rebuilding a municipal waste combustion unit and meeting two criteria:
(1) The reconstruction begins after June 6, 2001.
(2) The cumulative cost of the construction over the life of the unit exceeds 50 percent of the original cost of building and installing the municipal waste combustion unit (not including land) updated to current costs (current dollars). To determine what systems are within the boundary of the municipal waste combustion unit used to calculate those costs, see the definition in this section of ``municipal waste combustion unit.''
Refractory unit or refractory wall furnace means a municipal waste combustion unit that has no energy recovery (such as through a waterwall) in the furnace of the municipal waste combustion unit.
Refuse-derived fuel means a type of municipal solid waste produced by processing municipal solid waste through shredding and size classification. That includes all classes of refuse-derived fuel including two fuels:
(1) Low-density fluff refuse-derived fuel through densified refuse-derived fuel.
(2) Pelletized refuse-derived fuel.
Same location means the same or contiguous properties under common ownership or control, including those separated only by a street, road, highway, or other public right-of-way. Common ownership or control includes properties that are owned, leased, or operated by the same entity, parent entity, subsidiary, subdivision, or any combination thereof. Entities may include a municipality, other governmental unit, or any quasi-governmental authority (for example, a public utility district or regional authority for waste disposal).
Second calendar half means the period that starts on July 1 and ends on December 31 in any year.
Shift supervisor means the person who is in direct charge and control of operating a municipal waste combustion unit and who is responsible for onsite supervision, technical direction, management, and overall performance of the municipal waste combustion unit during an assigned shift.
Spreader stoker, mixed fuel-fired (coal/refuse-derived fuel) combustion unit means a municipal waste combustion unit that combusts coal and refuse-derived fuel simultaneously, in which coal is introduced to the combustion zone by a mechanism that throws the fuel onto a grate from above. Combustion takes place both in suspension and on the grate.
Standard conditions when referring to units of measure mean a temperature of 20 [deg]C and a pressure of 101.3 kilopascals.
Startup period means the period when a municipal waste combustion unit begins the continuous combustion of municipal solid waste. It does not include any warmup period during which the municipal waste combustion unit combusts fossil fuel or other solid waste fuel but receives no municipal solid waste.
Stoker (refuse-derived fuel) combustion unit means a steam generating unit that combusts refuse-derived fuel in a semisuspension combusting mode, using air-fed distributors.
Total mass dioxins/furans or total mass means the total mass of tetra-through octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans as determined using EPA Reference Method 23 in appendix A of this part and the procedures specified in Sec. 60.1300.
Twenty-four hour daily average or 24-hour daily average means either the arithmetic mean or geometric mean (as specified) of all hourly emission concentrations when the municipal waste combustion unit operates and combusts municipal solid waste measured during the 24 hours between 12:00 midnight and the following midnight.
Untreated lumber means wood or wood products that have been cut or shaped and include wet, air-dried, and kiln-dried wood products. Untreated lumber does not include wood products that have been painted, pigment-stained, or pressure-treated by compounds such as chromate copper arsenate, pentachlorophenol, and creosote.
Waterwall furnace means a municipal waste combustion unit that has energy (heat) recovery in the furnace (for example, radiant heat transfer section) of the combustion unit.
Yard waste means grass, grass clippings, bushes, shrubs, and clippings from bushes and shrubs. They come from residential, commercial/retail, institutional, or industrial sources as part of maintaining yards or other private or public lands. Yard waste does not include two items:
(1) Construction, renovation, and demolition wastes that are exempt from the definition of ``municipal solid waste'' in this section.
(2) Clean wood that is exempt from the definition of ``municipal solid waste'' in this section.
Sec. Table 1 to Subpart AAAA of Part 60--Emission Limits for New Small
Municipal Waste Combustion Units ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must meet the
For the following pollutants following emission Using the following And determine compliance by the
limits \a\ averaging times following methods----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Organics
Dioxins/Furans (total mass 13 nanograms per 3-run average Stack test.
basis). dry standard cubic (minimum run
meter. duration is 4
hours).2. Metals:
Cadmium..................... 0.020 milligrams 3-run average (run Stack test.
per dry standard duration specified
cubic meter. in test method).
Lead........................ 0.20 milligrams per 3-run average (run Stack test.
dry standard cubic duration specified
meter. in test method).
Mercury..................... 0.080 milligrams 3-run average (run Stack test.
per dry standard duration specified
cubic meter or 85 in test method).
percent reduction
of potential
mercury emissions.
Opacity..................... 10 percent......... Thirty 6-minute Stack test.
averages.
Particulate Matter.......... 24 milligrams per 3-run average (run Stack test.
dry standard cubic duration specified
meter. in test method).3. Acid Gases:
Hydrogen Chloride........... 25 parts per 3-run average Stack test
million by dry (minimum run
volume or 95 duration is 1
percent reduction hour).
of potential
hydrogen chloride
emissions.
Nitrogen Oxides (Class I 150 (180 for 1st 24-hour daily block Continuous emission monitoring
units) \b\. year of operation) arithmetic average system.
parts per million concentration.
by dry volume.
Nitrogen Oxides (Class II 500 parts per See footnote \d\... See footnote \d\
units) \c\. million by dry
volume.
Sulfur Dioxide.............. 30 parts per 24-hour daily block Continuous monitoring emission
million by dry geometric average system.
volume or 80 concentration or
percent reduction percent reduction.
of potential
sulfur dioxide
emissions.4. Other:
Fugitive Ash................ Visible emissions Three 1-hour Visible emission test.
for no more than 5 observation
percent of hourly periods.
observation period.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\a\ All emission limits (except for opacity) are measured at 7 percent oxygen.\b\ Class I units mean small municipal waste combustion units subject to this subpart that are located at
municipal waste combustion plants with an aggregate plant combustion capacity more than 250 tons per day of
municipal solid waste. See Sec. 60.1465 for definitions.\c\ Class II units mean small municipal waste combustion units subject to this subpart that are located at
municipal waste combustion plants with an aggregate plant combustion capacity no more than 250 tons per day of
municipal solid waste. See Sec. 60.1465 for definitions.\d\ No monitoring, testing, recordkeeping, or reporting is required to demonstrate compliance with the nitrogen
oxides limit for Class II units. Sec. Table 2 to Subpart AAAA of Part 60--Carbon Monoxide Emission Limits
for New Small Municipal Waste Combustion Units ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For the following municipal waste You must meet the following Using the following averaging times
combustion units carbon monoxide limits \a\ \b\----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Fluidized-bed........................ 100 parts per million by dry 4-hour.
volume.2. Fluidized bed, mixed fuel, (wood/ 200 parts per million by dry 24-hour. \c\
refuse-derived fuel). volume.3. Mass burn rotary refractory.......... 100 parts per million by dry 4-hour.
volume.4. Mass burn rotary waterwall........... 100 parts per million by dry 24-hour.
volume.5. Mass burn waterwall and refractory... 100 parts per million by dry 4-hour.
volume.6. Mixed fuel-fired (pulverized coal/ 150 parts per million by dry 4-hour.
refuse-derived fuel). volume.7. Modular starved-air and excess air... 50 parts per million by dry 4-hour.
volume.8. Spreader stoker, mixed fuel-fired 150 parts per million by dry 24-hour daily.
(coal/refuse-derived fuel). volume.9. Stoker, refuse-derived fuel.......... 150 parts per million by dry 24-hour daily.
volume.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\a\ All limits (except for opacity) are measured at 7 percent oxygen. Compliance is determined by continuous
emission monitoring systems.\b\ Block averages, arithmetic mean. See Sec. 60.1465 for definitions.\c\ 24-hour block average, geometric mean. See Sec. 60.1465 for definitions.
Sec. Table 3 to Subpart AAAA of Part 60--Requirements for Validating
Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Use the following methods inFor the following continuous emission appendix A of this part to Use the following methods in appendix A of
monitoring systems validate pollutant this part to measure oxygen (or carbon
concentration levels dioxide)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Nitrogen Oxides (Class I units Method 7, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, or Method 3 or 3A.
only) \a\. 7E.2. Sulfur Dioxide.................... Method 6 or 6C............... Method 3 or 3A.3. Carbon Monoxide................... Method 10, 10A, or 10B....... Method 3 or 3A.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\a\ Class I units mean small municipal waste combustion units subject to this subpart that are located at
municipal waste combustion plants with an aggregate plant combustion capacity more than 250 tons per day of
municipal solid waste. See Sec. 60.1465 for definitions.
Sec. Table 4 to Subpart AAAA of Part 60--Requirements for Continuous
Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Use the following If needed to meet minimum
performance data requirements, use the
For the following pollutants Use the following span specifications in following alternate methods
values for your CEMS appendix B of this part in appendix A of this part
for your CEMS to collect data----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Opacity...................... 100 percent opacity.... P.S. 1 Method 9.2. Nitrogen Oxides (Class I Control device outlet: P.S. 2 Method 7E.
units only) \a\. 125 percent of the
maximum expected
hourly potential
nitrogen oxides
emissions of the
municipal waste
combustion unit.3. Sulfur Dioxide............... Inlet to control P.S. 2 Method 6C.
device: 125 percent of
the maximum expected
sulfur dioxide
emissions of the
municipal waste
combustion unit.
Control device outlet:
50 percent of the
maximum expected
hourly potential
sulfur dioxide
emissions of the
municipal waste
combustion unit.4. Carbon Monoxide.............. 125 percent of the P.S. 4A Method 10 alternative
maximum expected interference trap.
hourly potential
carbon with monoxide
emissions of the
municipal waste
combustion unit.5. Oxygen or Carbon Dioxide..... 25 percent oxygen or 25 P.S. 3 Method 3A or 3B.
percent carbon dioxide.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\a\ Class I units mean small municipal waste combustion units subject to this subpart that are located at
municipal waste combustion plants with an aggregate plant combustion capacity more than 250 tons per day of
municipal solid waste. See Sec. 60.1465 for definitions.
Sec. Table 5 to Subpart AAAA of Part 60--Requirements for Stack Tests ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Use the following Use the methods in
methods in appendix A appendix A of thisTo measure the following pollutants of this part to part to measure Also note the following
determine the sampling pollutant additional information
location concentration----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Organics:
Dioxins/Furans................. Method 1.............. Method 23 \a\......... The minimum sampling time
must be 4 hours per test
run while the municipal
waste combustion unit is
operating at full load.2. Metals:
Cadmium........................ Method 1.............. Method 29 \a\......... Compliance testing must be
performed while the
municipal waste combustion
unit is operating at full
load.
Lead........................... Method 1.............. Method 29 \a\......... Compliance testing must be
performed while the
municipal waste combustion
unit is operating at full
load.
Mercury........................ Method 1.............. Method 29 \a\......... Compliance testing must be
performed while the
municipal waste combustion
unit is operating at full
load.
Opacity........................ Method 9.............. Method 9.............. Use Method 9 to determine
compliance with opacity
limit. 3-hour observation
period (thirty 6-minute
averages).
Particulate Matter............. Method 1.............. Method 5 \a\.......... The minimum sample Matter
volume must be 1.0 cubic
meters. The probe and
filter holder heating
systems in the sample
train must be set to
provide a gas temperature
no greater than 160 14 [deg]C.
The minimum sampling time
is 1 hour.
3. Acid Gases: \b\
Hydrogen Chloride.............. Method 1.............. Method 26 or 26A \a\.. Test runs must be at least
1 hour long while the
municipal waste combustion
unit is operating at full
load.4. Other: \b\
Fugitive Ash................... Not applicable........ Method 22 (visible The three 1-hour
emissions). observation period must
include periods when the
facility transfers
fugitive ash from the
municipal waste combustion
unit to the area where the
fugitive ash is stored or
loaded into containers or
trucks.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\a\ Must simultaneously measure oxygen (or carbon dioxide) using Method 3A or 3B in appendix A of this part.\b\ Use CEMS to test sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and carbon monoxide. Stack tests are not required except
for quality assurance requirements in appendix F of this part.
Subpart BBBB_Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Small
Municipal Waste Combustion Units Constructed on or Before August 30,
1999
Source: 65 FR 76384, Dec. 6, 2000, unless otherwise noted.
Introduction