Terms used in this subpart are defined in the CAA, in 40 CFR 63.2, and in this section as follows:
Atomized mechanical application means application of resin or gel coat with spray equipment that separates the liquid into a fine mist. This fine mist may be created by forcing the liquid under high pressure through an elliptical orifice, bombarding a liquid stream with directed air jets, or a combination of these techniques.
Bulk molding compound (BMC) means a putty-like molding compound containing resin(s) in a form that is ready to mold. In addition to resins, BMC may contain catalysts, fillers, and reinforcements. Bulk molding compound can be used in compression molding and injection molding operations to manufacture reinforced plastic composites products.
BMC manufacturing means a process that involves the preparation of BMC.
Centrifugal casting means a process for fabricating cylindrical composites, such as pipes, in which composite materials are positioned inside a rotating hollow mandrel and held in place by centrifugal forces until the part is sufficiently cured to maintain its physical shape.
Charge means the amount of SMC or BMC that is placed into a compression or injection mold necessary to complete one mold cycle.
Cleaning means removal of composite materials, such as cured and uncured resin from equipment, finished surfaces, floors, hands of employees, or any other surfaces.
Clear production gel coat means an unpigmented, quick-setting resin used to improve the surface appearance and/or performance of composites. It can be used to form the surface layer of any composites other than those used for molds in tooling operations.
Closed molding means a grouping of processes for fabricating composites in a way that HAP-containing materials are not exposed to the atmosphere except during the material loading stage (e.g., compression molding, injection molding, and resin transfer molding). Processes where the mold is covered with plastic (or equivalent material) prior to resin application, and the resin is injected into the covered mold are also considered closed molding.
Composite means a shaped and cured part produced by using composite materials.
Composite materials means the raw materials used to make composites. The raw materials include styrene containing resins. They may also include gel coat, monomer, catalyst, pigment, filler, and reinforcement.
Compression molding means a closed molding process for fabricating composites in which composite materials are placed inside matched dies that are used to cure the materials under heat and pressure without exposure to the atmosphere. The addition of mold paste or in-mold coating is considered part of the closed molding process. The composite materials used in this process are generally SMC or BMC.
Compression/injection molding means a grouping of processes that involves the use of compression molding and/or injection molding.
Continuous casting means a continuous process for fabricating composites in which composite materials are placed on an in-line conveyor belt to produce cast sheets that are cured in an oven.
Continuous lamination means a continuous process for fabricating composites in which composite materials are typically sandwiched between plastic films, pulled through compaction rollers, and cured in an oven. This process is generally used to produce flat or corrugated products on an in-line conveyor.
Continuous lamination/casting means a grouping of processes that involves the use of continuous lamination and/or continuous casting.
Controlled emissions means those organic HAP emissions that are vented from a control device to the atmosphere.
Corrosion-resistant gel coat means a gel coat used on a product made with a corrosion-resistant resin that has a corrosion-resistant end-use application.
Corrosion-resistant end-use applications means applications where the product is manufactured specifically for an application that requires a level of chemical inertness or resistance to chemical attack above that required for typical reinforced plastic composites products. These applications include, but are not limited to, chemical processing and storage; pulp and paper production; sewer and wastewater treatment; power generation; potable water transfer and storage; food and drug processing; pollution or odor control; metals production and plating; semiconductor manufacturing; petroleum production, refining, and storage; mining; textile production; nuclear materials storage; swimming pools; and cosmetic production, as well as end-use applications that require high strength resins.
Corrosion-resistant industry standard includes the following standards: ASME RTP-1 or Sect. X; ASTM D5364, D3299, D4097, D2996, D2997, D3262, D3517, D3754, D3840, D4024, D4160, D4161, D4162, D4184, D3982, or D3839; ANSI/AWWA C950; UL 215, 1316 or 1746, IAPMO PS-199, or written customer requirements for resistance to specified chemical environments.
Corrosion-resistant product means a product made with a corrosion-resistant resin and is manufactured to a corrosion-resistant industry standard, or a food contact industry standard, or is manufactured for corrosion-resistant end-use applications involving continuous or temporary chemical exposures.
Corrosion-resistant resin means a resin that either:
(1) Displays substantial retention of mechanical properties when undergoing ASTM C-581 coupon testing, where the resin is exposed for 6 months or more to one of the following materials: Material with a pH = 12.0 or <= 3.0, oxidizing or reducing agents, organic solvents, or fuels or additives as defined in 40 CFR 79.2. In the coupon testing, the exposed resin needs to demonstrate a minimum of 50 percent retention of the relevant mechanical property compared to the same resin in unexposed condition. In addition, the exposed resin needs to demonstrate an increased retention of the relevant mechanical property of at least 20 percentage points when compared to a similarly exposed general-purpose resin. For example, if the general-purpose resin retains 45 percent of the relevant property when tested as specified above, then a corrosion-resistant resin needs to retain at least 65 percent (45 percent plus 20 percent) of its property. The general-purpose resin used in the test needs to have an average molecular weight of greater than 1,000, be formulated with a 1:2 ratio of maleic anhydride to phthalic anhydride and 100 percent diethylene glycol, and a styrene content between 43 to 48 percent; or
(2) Complies with industry standards that require specific exposure testing to corrosive media, such as UL 1316, UL 1746, or ASTM F-1216.
Doctor box means the box or trough on an SMC machine into which the liquid resin paste is delivered before it is metered onto the carrier film.
Filament application means an open molding process for fabricating composites in which reinforcements are fed through a resin bath and wound onto a rotating mandrel. The materials on the mandrel may be rolled out or worked by using nonmechanical tools prior to curing. Resin application to the reinforcement on the mandrel by means other than the resin bath, such as spray guns, pressure-fed rollers, flow coaters, or brushes is not considered filament application.
Filled Resin means that fillers have been added to a resin such that the amount of inert substances is at least 10 percent by weight of the total resin plus filler mixture. Filler putty made from a resin is considered a filled resin.
Fillers means inert substances dispersed throughout a resin, such as calcium carbonate, alumina trihydrate, hydrous aluminum silicate, mica, feldspar, wollastonite, silica, and talc. Materials that are not considered to be fillers are glass fibers or any type of reinforcement and microspheres.
Fire retardant gel coat means a gel coat used for products for which low-flame spread/low-smoke resin is used.
Fluid impingement technology means a spray gun that produces an expanding non-misting curtain of liquid by the impingement of low-pressure uninterrupted liquid streams.
Food contact industry standard means a standard related to food contact application contained in Food and Drug Administration's regulations at 21 CFR 177.2420.
Gel Coat means a quick-setting resin used to improve surface appearance and/or performance of composites. It can be used to form the surface layer of any composites other than those used for molds in tooling operations.
Gel coat application means a process where either clear production, pigmented production, white/off-white or tooling gel coat is applied.
HAP-containing materials storage means an ancillary process which involves keeping HAP-containing materials, such as resins, gel coats, catalysts, monomers, and cleaners, in containers or bulk storage tanks for any length of time. Containers may include small tanks, totes, vessels, and buckets.
High Performance gel coat means a gel coat used on products for which National Sanitation Foundation, United States Department of Agriculture, ASTM, durability, or other property testing is required.
High strength gel coat means a gel coat applied to a product that requires high strength resin.
High strength resins means polyester resins which have a casting tensile strength of 10,000 pounds per square inch or more and which are used for manufacturing products that have high strength requirements such as structural members and utility poles.
Injection molding means a closed molding process for fabricating composites in which composite materials are injected under pressure into a heated mold cavity that represents the exact shape of the product. The composite materials are cured in the heated mold cavity.
Low Flame Spread/Low Smoke Products means products that meet the following requirements. The products must meet both the applicable flame spread requirements and the applicable smoke requirements. Interior or exterior building application products must meet an ASTM E-84 Flame Spread Index of less than or equal to 25, and Smoke Developed Index of less than or equal to 450, or pass National Fire Protection Association 286 Room Corner Burn Test with no flash over and total smoke released not exceeding 1000 meters square. Mass transit application products must meet an ASTM E-162 Flame Spread Index of less than or equal to 35 and ASTM E662 Smoke Density Ds @ 1.5 minutes less than or equal to 100 and Ds @ 4 minutes less than to equal to 200. Duct application products must meet ASTM E084 Flame Spread Index less than or equal to 25 and Smoke Developed Index less than or equal to 50 on the interior and/or exterior of the duct.
Manual resin application means an open molding process for fabricating composites in which composite materials are applied to the mold by pouring or by using hands and nonmechanical tools, such as brushes and rollers. Materials are rolled out or worked by using nonmechanical tools prior to curing. The use of pressure-fed rollers and flow coaters to apply resin is not considered manual resin application.
Mechanical resin application means an open molding process for fabricating composites in which composite materials (except gel coat) are applied to the mold by using mechanical tools such as spray guns, pressure-fed rollers, and flow coaters. Materials are rolled out or worked by using nonmechanical tools prior to curing.
Mixing means the blending or agitation of any HAP-containing materials in vessels that are 5.00 gallons (18.9 liters) or larger, and includes the mixing of putties or polyputties. Mixing may involve the blending of resin, gel coat, filler, reinforcement, pigments, catalysts, monomers, and any other additives.
Mold means a cavity or matrix into or onto which the composite materials are placed and from which the product takes its form.
Neat gel coat means the resin as purchased for the supplier, but not including any inert fillers.
Neat gel coat plus means neat gel coat plus any organic HAP-containing materials that are added to the gel coat by the supplier or the facility, excluding catalysts and promoters. Neat gel coat plus does include any additions of styrene or methyl methacrylate monomer in any form, including in catalysts and promoters.
Neat resin means the resin as purchased from the supplier, but not including any inert fillers.
Neat resin plus means neat resin plus any organic HAP-containing materials that are added to the resin by the supplier or the facility. Neat resin plus does not include any added filler, reinforcements, catalysts, or promoters. Neat resin plus does include any additions of styrene or methyl methacrylate monomer in any form, including in catalysts and promoters.
Nonatomized mechanical application means the use of application tools other than brushes to apply resin and gel coat where the application tool has documentation provided by its manufacturer or user that this design of the application tool has been organic HAP emissions tested, and the test results showed that use of this application tool results in organic HAP emissions that are no greater than the organic HAP emissions predicted by the applicable nonatomized application equation(s) in Table 1 to this subpart. In addition, the device must be operated according to the manufacturer's directions, including instructions to prevent the operation of the device at excessive spray pressures. Examples of nonatomized application include flow coaters, pressure fed rollers, and fluid impingement spray guns.
Noncorrosion-resistant resin means any resin other than a corrosion-resistant resin or a tooling resin.
Noncorrosion-resistant product means any product other than a corrosion-resistant product or a mold.
Non-routine manufacture means that you manufacture parts to replace worn or damaged parts of a reinforced plastic composites product, or a product containing reinforced plastic composite parts, that was originally manufactured in another facility. For a part to qualify as non-routine manufacture, it must be used for repair or replacement, and the manufacturing schedule must be based on the current or anticipated repair needs of the reinforced plastic composites product, or a product containing reinforced plastic composite parts.
Operation means a specific process typically found at a reinforced plastic composites facility. Examples of operations are noncorrosion-resistant manual resin application, corrosion-resistant mechanical resin application, pigmented gel coat application, mixing and HAP-containing materials storage.
Operation group means a grouping of individual operations based primarily on mold type. Examples are open molding, closed molding, and centrifugal casting.
Open molding means a process for fabricating composites in a way that HAP-containing materials are exposed to the atmosphere. Open molding includes processes such as manual resin application, mechanical resin application, filament application, and gel coat application. Open molding also includes application of resins and gel coats to parts that have been removed from the open mold.
Pigmented gel coat means a gel coat that has a color, but does not contain 10 percent of more titanium dioxide by weight. It can be used to form the surface layer of any composites other than those used for molds in tooling operations.
Polymer casting means a process for fabricating composites in which composite materials are ejected from a casting machine or poured into an open, partially open, or closed mold and cured. After the composite materials are poured into the mold, they are not rolled out or worked while the mold is open, except for smoothing the material and/or vibrating the mold to remove bubbles. The composite materials may or may not include reinforcements. Products produced by the polymer casting process include cultured marble products and polymer concrete.
Preform Injection means a form of pultrusion where liquid resin is injected to saturate reinforcements in an enclosed system containing one or more chambers with openings only large enough to admit reinforcements. Resin, which drips out of the chamber(s) during the process, is collected in closed piping or covered troughs and then into a covered reservoir for recycle. Resin storage vessels, reservoirs, transfer systems, and collection systems are covered or shielded from the ambient air. Preform injection differs from direct die injection in that the injection chambers are not directly attached to the die.
Prepreg materials means reinforcing fabric received precoated with resin which is usually cured through the addition of heat.
Pultrusion means a continuous process for manufacturing composites that have a uniform cross-sectional shape. The process consists of pulling a fiber-reinforcing material through a resin impregnation chamber or bath and through a shaping die, where the resin is subsequently cured. There are several types of pultrusion equipment, such as open bath, resin injection, and direct die injection equipment.
Repair means application of resin or gel coat to a part to correct a defect, where the resin or gel coat application occurs after the part has gone through all the steps of its typical production process, or the application occurs outside the normal production area. For purposes of this subpart, rerouting a part back through the normal production line, or part of the normal production line, is not considered repair.
Resin transfer molding means a process for manufacturing composites whereby catalyzed resin is transferred or injected into a closed mold in which fiberglass reinforcement has been placed.
Sheet molding compound (SMC) means a ready-to-mold putty-like molding compound that contains resin(s) processed into sheet form. The molding compound is sandwiched between a top and a bottom film. In addition to resin(s), it may also contain catalysts, fillers, chemical thickeners, mold release agents, reinforcements, and other ingredients. Sheet molding compound can be used in compression molding to manufacture reinforced plastic composites products.
Shrinkage controlled resin means a resin that when promoted, catalyzed, and filled according to the resin manufacturer's recommendations demonstrates less than 0.3 percent linear shrinkage when tested according to ASTM D2566.
SMC manufacturing means a process which involves the preparation of SMC.
Tooling gel coat means a gel coat that is used to form the surface layer of molds. Tooling gel coats generally have high heat distortion temperatures, low shrinkage, high barcol hardness, and high dimensional stability.
Tooling resin means a resin that is used to produce molds. Tooling resins generally have high heat distortion temperatures, low shrinkage, high barcol hardness, and high dimensional stability.
Uncontrolled oven organic HAP emissions means those organic HAP emissions emitted from the oven through closed vent systems to the atmosphere and not to a control device. These organic HAP emissions do not include organic HAP emissions that may escape into the workplace through the opening of panels or doors on the ovens or other similar fugitive organic HAP emissions in the workplace.
Uncontrolled wet-out area organic HAP emissions means any or all of the following: Organic HAP emissions from wet-out areas that do not have any capture and control, organic HAP emissions that escape from wet-out area enclosures, and organic HAP emissions from wet-out areas that are captured by an enclosure but are vented to the atmosphere and not to an add-on control device.
Unfilled means that there has been no addition of fillers to a resin or that less than 10 percent of fillers by weight of the total resin plus filler mixture has been added.
Vapor suppressant means an additive, typically a wax, that migrates to the surface of the resin during curing and forms a barrier to seal in the styrene and reduce styrene emissions.
Vapor-suppressed resin means a resin containing a vapor suppressant added for the purpose of reducing styrene emissions during curing.
White and off-white gel coat means a gel coat that contains 10 percent of more titanium dioxide by weight. [68 FR 19402, Apr. 21, 2003, as amended at 70 FR 50129, Aug. 25, 2005] Sec. Table 1 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63--Equations To Calculate Organic HAP Emissions Factors for Specific Open Molding and Centrifugal Casting
Process Streams[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25AU05.020 [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25AU05.021 [70 FR 50129, Aug. 26, 2005]
Sec. Table 2 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63--Compliance Dates for New and
Existing Reinforced Plastic Composites Facilities
As required in Sec. Sec. 63.5800 and 63.5840 you must demonstrate compliance with the standards by the dates in the following table: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Then you must
If your facility is . . . And . . . comply by this
date . . .------------------------------------------------------------------------1. An existing source.......... a. Is a major i. April 21, 2006,
source on or or
before the ii. You must
publication date accept and meet
of this subpart. an enforceable
HAP emissions
limit below the
major source
threshold prior
to April 21,
2006.2. An existing source that is Becomes a major 3 years after
an area source. source after the becoming a major
publication date source or April
of this subpart. 21, 2006,
whichever is
later.3. An existing source, and Subsequently 3 years of the
emits less than 100 tpy of increases its date your semi-
organic HAP from the actual organic HAP annual compliance
combination of all centrifugal emissions to 100 report indicates
casting and continuous tpy or more from your facility
lamination/casting operations these operations, meets or exceeds
at the time of initial which requires the 100 tpy
compliance with this subpart. that the facility threshold.
must now comply
with the standards
in Sec.
63.5805(b).4. A new source................ Is a major source Upon startup or
at startup. April 21, 2003,
whichever is
later.5. A new source................ Is an area source Immediately upon
at startup and becoming a major
becomes a major source.
source.6. A new source, and emits less Subsequently 3 years from the
than 100 tpy of organic HAP increases its date that your
from the combination of all actual organic HAP semi-annual
open molding, centrifugal emissions to 100 compliance report
casting, continuous lamination/ tpy or more from indicates your
casting, pultrusion, SMC and the combination of facility meets or
BMC manufacturing, and mixing these operations, exceeds the 100
operations at the time of which requires tpy threshold.
initial compliance with this that the facility
subpart. must now meet the
standards in Sec.
63.5805(d).------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. Table 3 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63--Organic HAP Emissions Limits
for Existing Open Molding Sources, New Open Molding Sources Emitting
Less Than 100 TPY of HAP, and New and Existing Centrifugal Casting and Continuous Lamination/Casting Sources that Emit Less Than 100 TPY of HAP
As specified in Sec. 63.5805, you must meet the following organic HAP emissions limits that apply to you: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Your organic
If your operation type is . . . And you use . . . HAP emissions
limit is . . .------------------------------------------------------------------------1. open molding--corrosion- a. mechanical 113 lb/ton.
resistant and/or high strength resin application. 171 lb/ton.
(CR/HS). b. filament 123 lb/ton.
application.
c. manual resin
application.------------------------------------------------------------------------2. open molding--non-CR/HS...... a. mechanical 88 lb/ton.
resin application. 188 lb/ton.
b. filament 87 lb/ton.
application.
c. manual resin
application.------------------------------------------------------------------------3. open molding--tooling........ a. mechanical 254 lb/ton.
resin application. 157 lb/ton.
b. manual resin
application.------------------------------------------------------------------------4. open molding--low-flame a. mechanical 497 lb/ton.
spread/low-smoke products. resin application. 270 lb/ton.
b. filament 238 lb/ton.
application.
c. manual resin
application.------------------------------------------------------------------------5. open molding--shrinkage a. mechanical 354 lb/ton.
controlled resins \2\. resin application. 215 lb/ton.
b. filament 180 lb/ton.
application.
c. manual resin
application.------------------------------------------------------------------------6. open molding--gel coat \3\... a. tooling gel 440 lb/ton.
coating. 267 lb/ton.
b. white/off white 377 lb/ton.
pigmented gel 605 lb/ton.
coating. 854 lb/ton.
c. all other 522 lb/ton.
pigmented gel
coating.
d. CR/HS or high
performance gel
coat.
e. fire retardant
gel coat.
f. clear
production gel
coat.------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. centrifugal casting--CR/HS... a. resin 25 lb/ton.\4\
application with NA--this is
the mold closed, considered to be
and the mold is a closed molding
vented during operation.
spinning and cure. 25 lb/ton.\4\
b. resin Use the
application with appropriate open
the mold closed, molding emission
and the mold is limit.\5\
not vented during
spinning and cure.
c. resin
application with
the mold open,
and the mold is
vented during
spinning and cure.
d. resin
application with
the mold open,
and the mold is
not vented during
spinning and cure.------------------------------------------------------------------------8. centrifugal casting--non-CR/ a. resin 20 lb/ton.\4\
HS. application with NA--this is
the mold closed, considered to be
and the mold is a closed molding
vented during operation.
spinning and cure. 20 lb/ton.\4\
b. resin Use the
application with appropriate open
the mold closed, molding emission
and mold is not limit.\5\
vented during the
spinning and cure.
c. resin
application with
the mold open,
and the mold is
vented during
spinning and cure.
d. resin
application with
the mold open,
and the mold is
not vented during
spinning and cure.------------------------------------------------------------------------9. pultrusion \6\............... N/A............... reduce total
organic HAP
emissions by at
least 60 weight
percent.------------------------------------------------------------------------10. continuous lamination/ N/A............... reduce total
casting. organic HAP
emissions by at
least 58.5 weight
percent or not
exceed an organic
HAP emissions
limit of 15.7 lbs
of organic HAP
per ton of neat
resin plus and
neat gel coat
plus.------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ Organic HAP emissions limits for open molding and centrifugal
casting are expressed as lb/ton. You must be at or below these values
based on a 12-month rolling average.\2\ This emission limit applies regardless of whether the shrinkage
controlled resin is used as a production resin or a tooling resin.\3\ If you only apply gel coat with manual application, for compliance
purposes treat the gel coat as if it were applied using atomized spray
guns to determine both emission limits and emission factors. If you
use multiple application methods and any portion of a specific gel
coat is applied using nonatomized spray, you may use the nonatomized
spray gel coat equation to calculate an emission factor for the
manually applied portion of that gel coat. Otherwise, use the atomized
spray gel coat application equation to calculate emission factors.\4\ For compliance purposes, calculate your emission factor using only
the appropriate centrifugal casting equation in item 2 of Table 1 to
this subpart, or a site specific emission factor for after the mold is
closed as discussed in Sec. 63.5796.\5\ Calculate your emission factor using the appropriate open molding
covered cure emission factor in item 1 of Table 1 to this subpart, or
a site specific emission factor as discussed in Sec. 63.5796.\6\ Pultrusion machines that produce parts that meet the following
criteria: 1,000 or more reinforcements or the glass equivalent of
1,000 ends of 113 yield roving or more; and have a cross sectional
area of 60 square inches or more are not subject to this requirement.
Their requirement is the work practice of air flow management which is
described in Table 4 to this subpart. [70 FR 50131, Aug. 25, 2005]
Sec. Table 4 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63--Work Practice Standards
As specified in Sec. 63.5805, you must meet the work practice standards in the following table that apply to you: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
For . . . You must . . .------------------------------------------------------------------------1. a new or existing closed uncover, unwrap or expose only one
molding operation using charge per mold cycle per
compression/injection molding. compression/injection molding
machine. For machines with multiple
molds, one charge means sufficient
material to fill all molds for one
cycle. For machines with robotic
loaders, no more than one charge may
be exposed prior to the loader. For
machines fed by hoppers, sufficient
material may be uncovered to fill
the hopper. Hoppers must be closed
when not adding materials. Materials
may be uncovered to feed to slitting
machines. Materials must be
recovered after slitting.------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. a new or existing cleaning not use cleaning solvents that
operation. contain HAP, except that styrene may
be used as a cleaner in closed
systems, and organic HAP containing
cleaners may be used to clean cured
resin from application equipment.
Application equipment includes any
equipment that directly contacts
resin.------------------------------------------------------------------------3. a new or existing materials keep containers that store HAP-
HAP-containing materials storage containing materials closed or
operation. covered except during the addition
or removal of materials. Bulk HAP-
containing materials storage tanks
may be vented as necessary for
safety.------------------------------------------------------------------------4. an existing or new SMC close or cover the resin delivery
manufacturing operation. system to the doctor box on each SMC
manufacturing machine. The doctor
box itself may be open.------------------------------------------------------------------------5. an existing or new SMC use a nylon containing film to
manufacturing operation. enclose SMC.------------------------------------------------------------------------6. all mixing or BMC use mixer covers with no visible gaps
manufacturing operations\1\. present in the mixer covers, except
that gaps of up to 1 inch are
permissible around mixer shafts and
any required instrumentation.------------------------------------------------------------------------7. all mixing or BMC close any mixer vents when actual
manufacturing operations\1\. mixing is occurring, except that
venting is allowed during addition
of materials, or as necessary prior
to adding materials or opening the
cover for safety. Vents routed to a
95 percent efficient control device
are exempt from this requirement.------------------------------------------------------------------------8. all mixing or BMC keep the mixer covers closed while
manufacturing operations\1\. actual mixing is occurring except
when adding materials or changing
covers to the mixing vessels.------------------------------------------------------------------------9. a new or existing pultrusion i. not allow vents from the building
operation manufacturing parts ventilation system, or local or
that meet the following portable fans to blow directly on or
criteria: 1,000 or more across the wet-out area(s),
reinforcements or the glass ii. not permit point suction of
equivalent of 1,000 ends of 113 ambient air in the wet-out area(s)
yield roving or more; and have a unless that air is directed to a
cross sectional area of 60 control device,
square inches or more that is iii. use devices such as deflectors,
not subject to the 95 percent baffles, and curtains when practical
organic HAP emission reduction to reduce air flow velocity across
requirement. the wet-out area(s),
iv. direct any compressed air
exhausts away from resin and wet-out
area(s),
v. convey resin collected from drip-
off pans or other devices to
reservoirs, tanks, or sumps via
covered troughs, pipes, or other
covered conveyance that shields the
resin from the ambient air,
vi. cover all reservoirs, tanks,
sumps, or HAP-containing materials
storage vessels except when they are
being charged or filled, and
vii. cover or shield from ambient air
resin delivery systems to the wet-
out area(s) from reservoirs, tanks,
or sumps where practical.------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ Containers of 5 gallons or less may be open when active mixing is
taking place, or during periods when they are in process (i.e., they
are actively being used to apply resin). For polymer casting mixing
operations, containers with a surface area of 500 square inches or
less may be open while active mixing is taking place. [70 FR 50133, Aug. 25, 2005]
Sec. Table 5 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63--Alternative Organic HAP
Emissions Limits for Open Molding, Centrifugal Casting, and SMC
Manufacturing Operations Where the Standards Are Based on a 95 Percent
Reduction Requirement
As specified in Sec. 63.5805, as an alternative to the 95 percent organic HAP emissions reductions requirement, you may meet the appropriate organic HAP emissions limits in the following table: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
LYour organic HAP
emissions limit
If your operation type is . . . And you use . . . is a \1\. . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Open molding--corrosion- a. Mechanical resin 6 lb/ton.
resistant and/or high strength application.
(CR/HS).
b. Filament 9 lb/ton.
application.
c. Manual resin 7 lb/ton.
application.2. Open molding--non-CR/HS...... a. mechanical resin 13 lb/ton.
application.
b. Filament 10 lb/ton.
application.
c. Manual resin 5 lb/ton.
application.3. Open molding--tooling........ a. Mechanical resin 13 lb/ton.
application.
b. Manual resin 8 lb/ton.
application.4. Open molding--low flame a. Mechanical resin 25 lb/ton.
spread/low smoke products. application.
b. Filament 14 lb/ton.
application.
c. Manual resin 12 lb/ton.
application.5. Open molding--shrinkage a. Mechanical resin 18 lb/ton.
controlled resins. application.
b. Filament 11 lb/ton.
application.
c. Manual resin 9 lb/ton.
application.6. Open molding--gel coat \2\... a. Tooling gel 22 lb/ton.
coating.
b. White/off white 22 lb/ton.
pigmented gel
coating.
c. All other 19 lb/ton.
pigmented gel
coating.
d. CR/HS or high 31 lb/ton.
performance gel
coat.
e. Fire retardant 43 lb/ton.
gel coat.
f. Clear production 27 lb/ton.
gel coat.7. Centrifugal casting--CR/HS \3 A vent system that 27 lb/ton.
4\. moves heated air
through the mold.8. Centrifugal casting--non-CR/ A vent system that 21 lb/ton.
HS \3 4\. moves heated air
through the mold.7. Centrifugal casting--CR/HS \3 A vent system that 2 lb/ton.
4\. moves ambient air
through the mold.8. Centrifugal casting--non-CR/ A vent system that 1 lb/ton.
HS \3 4\. moves ambient air
through the mold.9. SMC Manufacturing............ N/A................ 2.4 lb/ton.------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ Organic HAP emissions limits for open molding and centrifugal
casting expressed as lb/ton are calculated using the equations shown
in Table 1 to this subpart. You must be at or below these values based
on a 12-month rolling average.\2\ These limits are for spray application of gel coat. Manual gel coat
application must be included as part of spray gel coat application for
compliance purposes using the same organic HAP emissions factor
equation and organic HAP emissions limit. If you only apply gel coat
with manual application, treat the manually applied gel coat as if it
were applied with atomized spray for compliance determinations.\3\ Centrifugal casting operations where the mold is not vented during
spinning and cure are considered to be closed molding and are not
subject to any emissions limit. Centrifugal casting operations where
the mold is not vented during spinning and cure, and the resin is
applied to the open centrifugal casting mold using mechanical or
manual open molding resin application techniques are considered to be
open molding operations and the appropriate open molding emission
limits apply.\4\ Centrifugal casting operations where the mold is vented during
spinning and the resin is applied to the open centrifugal casting mold
using mechanical or manual open molding resin application techniques,
use the appropriate centrifugal casting emission limit to determine
compliance. Calculate your emission factor using the appropriate
centrifugal casting emission factor in Table 1 to this subpart, or a
site specific emission factor as discussed in Sec. 63.5796. [68 FR 19402, Apr. 21, 2003, as amended at 70 FR 50133, Aug. 25, 2005]
Sec. Table 6 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63--Basic Requirements for
Performance Tests, Performance Evaluations, and Design Evaluations for
New and Existing Sources Using Add-On Control Devices
As required in Sec. 63.5850 you must conduct performance tests, performance evaluations, and design evaluation according to the requirements in the following table: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
According to the
For . . . You must . . . Using . . . following requirements
. . .----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Each enclosure used to collect and Meet the requirements EPA method 204 of Enclosures that meet
route organic HAP emissions to an for a PTE. appendix M of 40 CFR the requirements of
add-on control device that is a PTE. part 51. EPA Method 204 of
appendix M of 40 CFR
part 51 for a PTE are
assumed to have a
capture efficiency of
100%. Note that the
criteria that all
access doors and
windows that are not
treated as natural
draft openings shall
be closed during
routine operation of
the process is not
intended to require
that these doors and
windows be closed at
all times. It means
that doors and windows
must be closed any
time that you are not
actually moving parts
or equipment through
them. Also, any
styrene retained in
hollow parts and
liberated outside the
PTE is not considered
to be a violation of
the EPA Method 204
criteria.
2. Each enclosure used to collect and a. Determine the i. EPA methods 204B (1) Enclosures that do
route organic HAP emissions to an capture efficiency of through E of appendix not meet the
add-on control device that is not a each enclosure used to M of 40 CFR part 51, requirements for a PTE
PTE. capture organic HAP or must determine the
emissions sent to an capture efficiency by
add-on control device. constructing a
temporary total
enclosure according to
the requirements of
EPA Method 204 of
appendix M of 40 CFR
part 51 and measuring
the mass flow rates of
the organic HAP in the
exhaust streams going
to the atmosphere and
to the control device.
Test runs for EPA
Methods 204B through E
of appendix M of 40
CFR part 51 must be at
least 3 hours.
ii. An alternative test (1) The alternative
method that meets the test method must the
requirements in 40 CFR data quality
part 51, appendix M. objectives and lower
confidence limit
approaches for
alternative capture
efficiency protocols
requirements contained
in 40 CFR part 63
subpart KK, appendix
A.3. Each control device used to comply Determine the control The test methods Testing and evaluation
with a percent reduction efficiency of each specified in Sec. requirements are
requirement, or an organic HAP control device used to 63.5850 to this contained in 40 CFR
emissions limit. control organic HAP subpart. part 63, subpart SS,
emissions. and Sec. 63.5850 to
this subpart.4. Determining organic HAP emission Determine the mass The test methods Testing and evaluation
factors for any operation. organic HAP emissions specified in Sec. requirements are
rate. 63.5850 to this contained in 40 CFR
subpart. part 63, subpart SS,
and Sec. 63.5850 to
this subpart.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. Table 7 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63--Options Allowing Use of the
Same Resin Across Different Operations That Use the Same Resin Type
As specified in Sec. 63.5810(d), when electing to use the same resin(s) for multiple resin application methods, you may use any resin(s) with an organic HAP content less than or equal to the values shown in the following table, or any combination of resins whose weighted average organic HAP content based on a 12-month rolling average is less than or equal to the values shown the following table: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
The highest resin
weight is* * *
percent organic HAPIf your facility has the following content, or weighted
resin type and application method average weight is . . .
. . . percent organic HAP
content, you can use
for . . .------------------------------------------------------------------------1. CR/HS resins, centrifugal a. CR/HS mechanical. \3\ 48.0
casting \1 2\.
b. CR/HS filament 48.0
application.
c. CR/HS manual..... 48.0------------------------------------------------------------------------2. CR/HS resins, nonatomized a. CR/HS filament 46.4
mechanical. application.
b. CR/HS manual..... 46.4------------------------------------------------------------------------3. CR/HS resins, filament CR/HS manual........ 42.0
application.------------------------------------------------------------------------4. non-CR/HS resins, filament a. non-CR/HS \3\ 45.0
application. mechanical.
b. non-CR/HS manual. 45.0
c. non-CR/HS 45.0
centrifugal casting
\1 2\.------------------------------------------------------------------------5. non-CR/HS resins, nonatomized a. non-CR/HS manual. 38.5
mechanical.
b. non-CR/HS 38.5
centrifugal casting
\1 2\.6. non-CR/HS resins, centrifugal non-CR/HS manual.... 37.5
casting \1 2\.7. tooling resins, nonatomized tooling manual...... 91.4
mechanical.8. tooling resins, manual......... tooling atomized 45.9
mechanical.------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ If the centrifugal casting operation blows heated air through the
molds, then 95 percent capture and control must be used if the
facility wishes to use this compliance option.
\2\ If the centrifugal casting molds are not vented, the facility may
treat the centrifugal casting operations as if they were vented if
they wish to use this compliance option.\3\ Nonatomized mechanical application must be used. [70 FR 50133, Aug. 25, 2005] Sec. Table 8 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63--Initial Compliance With Organic
HAP Emissions Limits
As specified in Sec. 63.5860(a), you must demonstrate initial compliance with organic HAP emissions limits as specified in the following table: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
That must meet the
following organic You have
For . . . HAP emissions demonstrated
limit . . . initial compliance
if . . .------------------------------------------------------------------------1. open molding and centrifugal a. an organic HAP i. you have met
casting operations. emissions limit the appropriate
shown in Tables 3 organic HAP
or 5 to this emissions limits
subpart, or an for these
organic HAP operations as
content limit calculated using
shown in Table 7 the procedures in
to this subpart. Sec. 63.5810 on
a 12-month
rolling average 1
year after the
appropriate
compliance date,
and/or
ii. you
demonstrate that
any individual
resins or gel
coats not
included in (i)
above, as
applied, meet
their applicable
emission limits,
or
iii. you
demonstrate using
the appropriate
values in Table 7
to this subpart
that the weighted
average of all
resins and gel
coats for each
resin type and
application
method meet the
appropriate
organic HAP
contents.------------------------------------------------------------------------2. open molding centrifugal a. reduce total total organic HAP
casting, continuous lamination/ organic HAP emissions, based
casting, SMC and BMC emissions by at on the results of
manufacturing, and mixing least 95 percent the capture
operations. by weight. efficiency and
destruction
efficiency
testing specified
in Table 6 to
this subpart, are
reduced by at
least 95 percent
by weight.------------------------------------------------------------------------3. continuous lamination/casting a. reduce total total organic HAP
operations. organic HAP emissions, based
emissions, by at on the results of
least 58.5 weight the capture
percent, or efficiency and
destruction
efficiency in
Table 6 to this
subpart and the
calculation
procedures
specified in Sec.
Sec. 63.5865
through 63.5890,
are reduced by at
least 58.5
percent by
weight.
b. not exceed an total organic HAP
organic HAP emissions, based
emissions limit on the results of
of 15.7 lbs of the capture
organic HAP per efficiency and
ton of neat resin destruction
plus and neat gel efficiency
coat plus. testing specified
in Table 6 to
this subpart and
the calculation
procedures
specified in Sec.
Sec. 63.5865
through 63.5890,
do not exceed
15.7 lbs of
organic HAP per
ton of neat resin
plus and neat gel
coat plus.------------------------------------------------------------------------4. continuous lamination/casting a. reduce total total organic HAP
operations. organic HAP emissions, based
emissions by at on the results of
least 95 weight the capture
percent or efficiency and
destruction
efficiency
testing specified
in Table 6 to
this subpart and
the calculation
procedures
specified in Sec.
Sec. 63.5865
through 63.5890,
are reduced by at
least 95 percent
by weight
b. not exceed an total organic HAP
organic HAP emissions, based
emissions limit on the results of
of 1.47 lbs of the capture
organic HAP per efficiency and
ton of neat resin destruction
plus and neat gel efficiency
coat plus. testing specified
in Table 6 and
the calculation
procedures
specified in Sec.
Sec. 63.5865
through 63.5890,
do not exceed
1.47 lbs of
organic HAP of
per ton of neat
resin plus and
neat gel coat
plus.------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. pultrusion operations........ a. reduce total i. total organic
organic HAP HAP emissions,
emissions by at based on the
least 60 percent results of the
by weight. capture
efficiency and
add-on control
device
destruction
efficiency
testing specified
in Table 6 to
this subpart, are
reduced by at
least 60 percent
by weight, and/or
ii. as part of the
notification of
initial
compliance
status, the owner/
operator submits
a certified
statement that
all pultrusion
lines not
controlled with
an add-on control
device, but for
which an emission
reduction is
being claimed,
are using direct
die injection,
and/or wet-area
enclosures that
meet the criteria
of Sec.
63.5830.------------------------------------------------------------------------6. pultrusion operations........ a. reduce total i. total organic
organic HAP HAP emissions,
emissions by at based on the
least 95 percent results of the
by weight. capture
efficiency and
add-on control
device
destruction
efficiency
testing specified
in Table 6 to
this subpart, are
reduced by at
least 95 percent
by weight.------------------------------------------------------------------------ [70 FR 50134, Aug. 25, 2005]
Sec. Table 9 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63--Initial Compliance With Work
Practice Standards
As specified in Sec. 63.5860(a), you must demonstrate initial compliance with work practice standards as specified in the following table: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
You have
That must meet the demonstrated
For . . . following initial compliance
standards . . . if . . .------------------------------------------------------------------------1. a new or existing closed uncover, unwrap or the owner or
molding operation using expose only one operator submits
compression/injection molding. charge per mold a certified
cycle per statement in the
compression/ notice of
injection molding compliance status
machine. For that only one
machines with charge is
multiple molds, uncovered,
one charge means unwrapped, or
sufficient exposed per mold
material to fill cycle per
all molds for one compression/
cycle. For injection molding
machines with machine, or prior
robotic loaders, to the loader,
no more than one hoppers are
charge may be closed except
exposed prior to when adding
the loader. For materials, and
machines fed by materials are
hoppers, recovered after
sufficient slitting.
material may be
uncovered to fill
the hopper.
Hoppers must be
closed when not
adding materials.
Materials may be
uncovered to feed
to slitting
machines.
Materials must be
recovered after
slitting.------------------------------------------------------------------------2. a new or existing cleaning not use cleaning the owner or
operation. solvents that operator submits
contain HAP, a certified
except that statement in the
styrene may be notice of
used in closed compliance status
systems, and that all cleaning
organic HAP materials, except
containing styrene contained
materials may be in closed
used to clean systems, or
cured resin from materials used to
application clean cured resin
equipment. from application
Application equipment,
equipment contain no HAP.
includes any
equipment that
directly contacts
resin between
storage and
applying resin to
the mold or
reinforcement.------------------------------------------------------------------------3. a new or existing materials keep containers the owner or
HAP-containing materials that store HAP- operator submits
storage operation. containing a certified
materials closed statement in the
or covered except notice of
during the compliance status
addition or that all HAP-
removal of containing
materials. Bulk storage
HAP-containing containers are
materials storage kept closed or
tanks may be covered except
vented as when adding or
necessary for removing
safety. materials, and
that any bulk
storage tanks are
vented only as
necessary for
safety.------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. an existing or new SMC close or cover the the owner or
manufacturing operation. resin delivery operator submits
system to the a certified
doctor box on statement in the
each SMC notice of
manufacturing compliance status
machine. The that the resin
doctor box itself delivery system
may be open. is closed or
covered.------------------------------------------------------------------------5. an existing or new SMC use a nylon the owner or
manufacturing operation. containing film operator submits
to enclose SMC. a certified
statement in the
notice of
compliance status
that a nylon-
containing film
is used to
enclose SMC.------------------------------------------------------------------------6. an existing or new mixing or use mixer covers the owner or
BMC manufacturing operation. with no visible operator submits
gaps present in a certified
the mixer covers, statement in the
except that gaps notice of
of up to 1 inch compliance status
are permissible that mixer covers
around mixer are closed during
shafts and any mixing except
required when adding
instrumentation. materials to the
mixers, and that
gaps around mixer
shafts and
required
instrumentation
are less than 1
inch.------------------------------------------------------------------------7. an existing mixing or BMC not actively vent the owner or
manufacturing operation. mixers to the operator submits
atmosphere while a certified
the mixing statement in the
agitator is notice of
turning, except compliance status
that venting is that mixers are
allowed during not actively
addition of vented to the
materials, or as atmosphere when
necessary prior the agitator is
to adding turning except
materials for when adding
safety. materials or as
necessary for
safety.------------------------------------------------------------------------8. a new or existing mixing or keep the mixer the owner or
BMC manufacturing operation. covers closed operator submits
during mixing a certified
except when statement in the
adding materials notice of
to the mixing compliance status
vessels. that mixers
closed except
when adding
materials to the
mixing vessels.------------------------------------------------------------------------9. a new or existing pultrusion i. Not allow vents the owner or
operation manufacturing parts from the building operator submits
that meet the following ventilation a certified
criteria: 1,000 or more system, or local statement in the
reinforcements or the glass or portable fans notice of
equivalent of 1,000 ends of 113 to blow directly compliance status
yield roving or more; and have on or across the that they have
a cross sectional area of 60 wet-out area(s), complied with all
square inches or more that is ii. not permit the requirements
not subject to the 95 percent point suction of listed in 9.i
organic HAP emission reduction ambient air in through 9.vii.
requirement. the wet-out
area(s) unless
that air is
directed to a
control device,.
iii. use devices
such as
deflectors,
baffles, and
curtains when
practical to
reduce air flow
velocity across
the wet-out
area(s),.
iv. direct any
compressed air
exhausts away
from resin and
wet-out area(s),.
v. convey resin
collected from
drip-off pans or
other devices to
reservoirs,
tanks, or sumps
via covered
troughs, pipes,
or other covered
conveyance that
shields the resin
from the ambient
air,.
vi. clover all
reservoirs,
tanks, sumps, or
HAP-containing
materials storage
vessels except
when they are
being charged or
filled, and.
vii. cover or
shield from
ambient air resin
delivery systems
to the wet-out
area(s) from
reservoirs,
tanks, or sumps
where practical..------------------------------------------------------------------------ [70 FR 50135, Aug. 25, 2005] Sec. Table 10 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63--Data Requirements for New and
Existing Continuous Lamination Lines and Continuous Casting Lines
Complying With a Percent Reduction Limit on a Per Line Basis
As required in Sec. 63.5865(a), in order to comply with a percent reduction limit for continuous lamination lines and continuous casting lines you must determine the data in the following table: ------------------------------------------------------------------------For each line where the wet-out You must determine
area . . . And the oven . . . . . .------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Has an enclosure that is not a. Is uncontrolled. i. Annual
a permanent total enclosure uncontrolled wet-
(PTE) and the captured organic out area organic
HAP emissions are controlled HAP emissions,
by an add-on control device. ii. Annual
controlled wet-
out area organic
HAP emissions,
iii. Annual
uncontrolled oven
organic HAP
emissions,
iv. The capture
efficiency of the
wet-out area
enclosure,
v. The destruction
efficiency of the
add-on control
device, and
vi. The amount of
neat resin plus
and neat gel coat
plus applied.2. Has an enclosure that is a a. Is uncontrolled. i. Annual
PTE and the captured organic uncontrolled wet-
HAP emissions are controlled out area organic
by an add-on control device. HAP emissions,
ii. Annual
controlled wet-
out area organic
HAP emissions,
iii. Annual
uncontrolled oven
organic HAP
emissions,
iv. That the wet-
out area
enclosure meets
the requirements
of EPA Method 204
of appendix M to
40 CFR part 51
for a PTE,
v. The destruction
efficiency of the
add-on control
device, and
vi. The amount of
neat resin plus
and neat gel coat
plus applied.3. Is uncontrolled............. a. Is controlled by i. Annual
an add-on control uncontrolled wet-
device. out area organic
HAP emissions,
ii. Annual
uncontrolled oven
organic HAP
emissions,
iii. Annual
controlled oven
organic HAP
emissions,
iv. The capture
efficiency of the
oven,
v. the destruction
efficiency of the
add-on control
device, and
vi. the amount of
neat resin plus
and neat gel coat
plus applied.4. Has an enclosure that is not a. Is controlled by i. Annual
a PTE and the captured organic an add-on control uncontrolled wet-
HAP emissions are controlled device. out area organic
by an add-on control device. HAP emissions,
ii. Annual
controlled wet-
out area organic
HAP emissions,
iii. Annual
uncontrolled oven
organic HAP
emissions,
iv. Annual
controlled oven
organic HAP
emissions;
v. The capture
efficiency of the
wet-out area
enclosure,
vi. Inlet organic
HAP emissions to
the add-on
control device,
vii. Outlet
organic HAP
emissions from
the add-on
control device,
and
viii. The amount
of neat resin
plus and neat gel
coat plus
applied.5. Has an enclosure that is a a. Is controlled by i. That the wet-
PTE and the captured organic an add-on control out area
HAP emissions are controlled device. enclosure meets
by an add-on control device. the requirements
of EPA Method 204
of appendix M to
40 CFR part 51
for a PTE,
ii. The capture
efficiency of the
oven, and
iii. The
destruction
efficiency of the
add-on control
device.------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sec. Table 11 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63--Data Requirements for New and
Existing Continuous Lamination and Continuous Casting Lines Complying
With a Percent Reduction Limit or a Lbs/Ton Limit on an Averaging Basis
As required in Sec. 63.5865, in order to comply with a percent reduction limit or a lbs/ton limit on an averaging basis for continuous lamination lines and continuous casting lines you must determine the data in the following table: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must determine
For each . . . That . . . . . .------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Wet-out area................ Is uncontrolled.... Annual
uncontrolled wet-
out area organic
HAP emissions.2. Wet-out area................ a. Has an enclosure i. The capture
that is not a PTE. efficiency of the
enclosure, and
ii. Annual organic
HAP emissions
that escape the
enclosure.3. Wet-out area................ Has an enclosure That the enclosure
that is a PTE. meets the
requirements of
EPA Method 204 of
appendix M to 40
CFR part 51 for a
PTE.4. Oven........................ Is uncontrolled.... Annual
uncontrolled oven
organic HAP
emissions.5. Line........................ a. Is controlled or i. The amount of
uncontrolled. neat resin plus
applied, and
ii. The amount of
neat gel coat
plus applied.6. Add-on control device....... ................... i. Total annual
inlet organic HAP
emissions, and
total annual
outlet organic
HAP emissions.------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sec. Table 12 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63--Data Requirements for New and
Existing Continuous Lamination Lines and Continuous Casting Lines Complying With a Lbs/Ton Organic HAP Emissions Limit on a Per Line Basis
As required in Sec. 63.5865(b), in order to comply with a lbs/ton organic HAP emissions limit for continuous lamination lines and continuous casting lines you must determine the data in the following table: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
For each line where the wet- You must determine
out area . . . And the oven . . . . . .------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Is uncontrolled............. a. Is uncontrolled. i. Annual
uncontrolled wet-
out area organic
HAP emissions,
ii. Annual
uncontrolled oven
organic HAP
emissions, and
iii. Annual neat
resin plus and
neat gel coat
plus applied.2. Has an enclosure that is not a. Is uncontrolled. i. Annual
a PTE and the captured organic uncontrolled wet-
HAP emissions are controlled out area organic
by an add-on control device. HAP emissions,
ii. Annual
controlled wet-
out area organic
HAP emissions,
iii. Annual
uncontrolled oven
organic HAP
emissions,
iv. The capture
efficiency of the
wet-out area
enclosure,
v. The destruction
efficiency of the
add-on control
device, and
vi. The amount of
neat resin plus
and neat gel coat
plus applied.3. Has an enclosure that is a a. Is uncontrolled. i. Annual
PTE, and the captured organic uncontrolled wet-
HAP emissions are controlled out area organic
by an add-on control device. HAP emissions,
ii. Annual
controlled wet-
out area organic
HAP emissions,
iii. Annual
uncontrolled oven
organic HAP
emissions,
iv. That the wet-
out area
enclosure meets
the requirements
of EPA Method 204
of appendix M to
40 CFR part 51
for a PTE,
v. The destruction
efficiency of the
add-on control
device, and
vi. The amount of
neat resin plus
and neat gel coat
plus applied.4. Is uncontrolled............. a. Is controlled by i. Annual
an add-on control uncontrolled wet-
device. out area organic
HAP emissions,
ii. Annual
uncontrolled oven
organic HAP
emissions,
iii. Annual
controlled oven
organic HAP
emissions,
iv. The capture
efficiency of the
oven,
v. The destruction
efficiency of the
add-on control
device, and
vi. The amount of
neat resin plus
and neat gel coat
plus applied.5. Has an enclosure that is not a. Is controlled by i. Annual
a PTE and the captured organic an add-on control uncontrolled wet-
HAP emissions are controlled device. out area organic
by an add-on control device. HAP emissions,
ii. Annual
controlled wet-
out area organic
HAP emissions,
iii. Annual
uncontrolled oven
organic HAP
emissions,
iv. Annual
controlled oven
organic HAP
emissions,
v. The capture
efficiency of the
wet-out area
enclosure,
vi. The capture
efficiency of the
oven,
vii. The
destruction
efficiency of the
add-on control
device, and
viii. The amount
of neat resin
plus and neat gel
coat plus
applied.6. Has an enclosure that is a a. Is controlled by i. That the wet-
PTE, and the captured organic an add-on control out area
HAP emissions are controlled device. enclosure meets
by add-on control device. the requirements
of EPA Method 204
of appendix M to
40 CFR part 51
for a PTE,
ii. The capture
efficiency of the
oven,
iii. Inlet organic
HAP emissions to
the an add-on
control device,
and
iv. Outlet organic
HAP emissions
from the add-on
control device.------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. Table 13 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63--Applicability and Timing of
Notifications
As required in Sec. 63.5905(a), you must determine the applicable notifications and submit them by the dates shown in the following table: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must submit . . By this date . . .
If your facility . . . .------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Is an existing source An Initial No later than the
subject to this subpart. Notification dates specified
containing the in Sec.
information 63.9(b)(2).
specified in Sec.
63.9(b)(2).2. Is a new source subject to The notifications No later than the
this subpart. specified in Sec. dates specified
63.9(b)(4) and Sec. 63.9(b)(4)
(5). and (5).3. Qualifies for a compliance A request for a No later than the
extension as specified in Sec. compliance dates specified
63.9(c). extension as in Sec.
specified in Sec. 63.6(i).
63.9(c).4. Is complying with organic A Notification of No later than 1
HAP emissions limit averaging Compliance Status year plus 30 days
provisions. as specified in after your
Sec. 63.9(h). facility's
compliance date.5. Is complying with organic A Notification of No later than 30
HAP content limits, Compliance Status calendar days
application equipment as specified in after your
requirements, or organic HAP Sec. 63.9(h). facility's
emissions limit other than compliance date.
organic HAP emissions limit
averaging.6. Is complying by using an add- a. A notification No later than the
on control device. of intent to date specified in
conduct a Sec. 63.9(e).
performance test
as specified in
Sec. 63.9(e).
b. A notification The date of
of the date for submission of
the CMS notification of
performance intent to conduct
evaluation as a performance
specified in Sec. test.
63.9(g).
c. A Notification No later than 60
of Compliance calendar days
Status as after the
specified in Sec. completion of the
63.9(h). add-on control
device
performance test
and CMS
performance
evaluation.------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. Table 14 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63--Requirements for Reports
As required in Sec. 63.5910(a), (b), (g), and (h), you must submit reports on the schedule shown in the following table: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
The report must You must submit
You must submit a(n) contain . . . the report . . .------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Compliance report.......... a. A statement that Semiannually
there were no according to
deviations during the
that reporting period requirements in
if there were no Sec.
deviations from any 63.5910(b).
emission limitations
(emission limit,
operating limit,
opacity limit, and
visible emission
limit) that apply to
you and there were no
deviations from the
requirements for work
practice standards in
Table 4 to this
subpart that apply to
you. If there were no
periods during which
the CMS, including
CEMS, and operating
parameter monitoring
systems, was out of
control as specified
in Sec. 63.8(c)(7),
the report must also
contain a statement
that there were no
periods during which
the CMS was out of
control during the
reporting period.
b. The information in Semiannually
Sec. 63.5910(d) if according to
you have a deviation the
from any emission requirements in
limitation (emission Sec.
limit, operating 63.5910(b).
limit, or work
practice standard)
during the reporting
period. If there were
periods during which
the CMS, including
CEMS, and operating
parameter monitoring
systems, was out of
control, as specified
in Sec. 63.8(c)(7),
the report must
contain the
information in Sec.
63.5910(e).
c. The information in Semiannually
Sec. 63.10(d)(5)(i) according to
if you had a startup, the
shutdown or requirements in
malfunction during Sec.
the reporting period, 63.5910(b).
and you took actions
consistent with your
startup, shutdown,
and malfunction plan.2. An immediate startup, a. Actions taken for By fax or
shutdown, and malfunction the event. telephone
report if you had a startup, within 2
shutdown, or malfunction working days
during the reporting period after starting
that is not consistent with actions
your startup, shutdown, and inconsistent
malfunction plan. with the plan.
b. The information in By letter within
Sec. 7 working days
63.10(d)(5)(ii). after the end
of the event
unless you have
made
alternative
arrangements
with the
permitting
authority.
(Sec.
63.10(d)(5)(ii)
).------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. Table 15 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63--Applicability of General
Provisions (Subpart A) to Subpart WWWW of Part 63
As specified in Sec. 63.5925, the parts of the General Provisions which apply to you are shown in the following table: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject to the
The general provisions reference . . That addresses . . . And applies to subpart following additional
. WWWW of part 63 . . . information . . .----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Sec. 63.1(a)(1).................... General applicability Yes.................... Additional terms
of the general defined in subpart
provisions. WWWW of Part 63, when
overlap between
subparts A and WWWW of
Part 63 of this part,
subpart WWWW of Part
63 takes precedence.Sec. 63.1(a)(2) through (4)........ General applicability Yes....................
of the general
provisions.Sec. 63.1(a)(5).................... Reserved............... No.....................Sec. 63.1(a)(6).................... General applicability Yes....................
of the general
provisions.Sec. 63.1(a)(7) through (9)........ Reserved............... No.....................Sec. 63.1(a)(10) through (14)...... General applicability Yes....................
of the general
provisions.Sec. 63.1(b)(1).................... Initial applicability Yes.................... Subpart WWWW of Part 63
determination. clarifies the
applicability in Sec.
Sec. 63.5780 and
63.5785.Sec. 63.1(b)(2).................... Reserved............... No.....................Sec. 63.1(b)(3).................... Record of the Yes....................
applicability
determination.Sec. 63.1(c)(1).................... Applicability of this Yes.................... Subpart WWWW of Part 63
part after a relevant clarifies the
standard has been set applicability of each
under this part. paragraph of subpart A
to sources subject to
subpart WWWW of Part
63.
Sec. 63.1(c)(2).................... Title V operating Yes.................... All major affected
permit requirement. sources are required
to obtain a title V
operating permit. Area
sources are not
subject to subpart
WWWW of Part 63.Sec. 63.1(c)(3) and (4)............ Reserved............... No.....................Sec. 63.1(c)(5).................... Notification Yes....................
requirements for an
area source that
increases HAP
emissions to major
source levels.Sec. 63.1(d)....................... Reserved............... No.....................Sec. 63.1(e)....................... Applicability of permit Yes....................
program before a
relevant standard has
been set under this
part.Sec. 63.2.......................... Definitions............ Yes.................... Subpart WWWW of Part 63
defines terms in Sec.
63.5935. When overlap
between subparts A and
WWWW of Part 63
occurs, you must
comply with the
subpart WWWW of Part
63 definitions, which
take precedence over
the subpart A
definitions.Sec. 63.3.......................... Units and abbreviations Yes.................... Other units and
abbreviations used in
subpart WWWW of Part
63 are defined in
subpart WWWW of Part
63.Sec. 63.4.......................... Prohibited activities Yes.................... Sec. 63.4(a)(3)
and circumvention. through (5) is
reserved and does not
apply.Sec. 63.5(a)(1) and (2)............ Applicability of Yes.................... Existing facilities do
construction and not become
reconstruction. reconstructed under
subpart WWWW of Part
63.Sec. 63.5(b)(1).................... Relevant standards for Yes.................... Existing facilities do
new sources upon not become
construction. reconstructed under
subpart WWWW of Part
63.Sec. 63.5(b)(2).................... Reserved............... No.....................Sec. 63.5(b)(3).................... New construction/ Yes.................... Existing facilities do
reconstruction. not become
reconstructed under
subpart WWWW of Part
63.Sec. 63.5(b)(4).................... Construction/ Yes.................... Existing facilities do
reconstruction not become
notification. reconstructed under
subpart WWWW of Part
63.Sec. 63.5(b)(5).................... Reserved............... No.....................Sec. 63.5(b)(6).................... Equipment addition or Yes.................... Existing facilities do
process change. not become
reconstructed under
subpart WWWW of Part
63.Sec. 63.5(c)....................... Reserved............... No.....................Sec. 63.5(d)(1).................... General application for Yes.................... Existing facilities do
approval of not become
construction or reconstructed under
reconstruction. subpart WWWW of Part
63.Sec. 63.5(d)(2).................... Application for Yes....................
approval of
construction.Sec. 63.5(d)(3).................... Application for No.....................
approval of
reconstruction.Sec. 63.5(d)(4).................... Additional information. Yes....................Sec. 63.5(e)(1) through (5)........ Approval of Yes....................
construction or
reconstruction.Sec. 63.5(f)(1) and (2)............ Approval of Yes....................
construction or
reconstruction based
on prior State
preconstruction review.Sec. 63.6(a)(1).................... Applicability of Yes....................
compliance with
standards and
maintenance
requirements.Sec. 63.6(a)(2).................... Applicability of area Yes....................
sources that increase
HAP emissions to
become major sources.Sec. 63.6(b)(1) through (5)........ Compliance dates for Yes.................... Subpart WWWW of Part 63
new and reconstructed clarifies compliance
sources. dates in Sec.
63.5800.Sec. 63.6(b)(6).................... Reserved............... No.....................Sec. 63.6(b)(7).................... Compliance dates for Yes.................... New operations at an
new operations or existing facility are
equipment that cause not subject to new
an area source to source standards.
become a major source.Sec. 63.6(c)(1) and (2)............ Compliance dates for Yes.................... Subpart WWWW of Part 63
existing sources. clarifies compliance
dates in Sec.
63.5800.
Sec. 63.6(c)(3) and (4)............ Reserved............... No.....................Sec. 63.6(c)(5).................... Compliance dates for Yes.................... Subpart WWWW of Part 63
existing area sources clarifies compliance
that become major. dates in Sec.
63.5800.Sec. 63.6(d)....................... Reserved............... No.....................Sec. 63.6(e)(1) and (2)............ Operation & maintenance Yes....................
requirements.Sec. 63.6(e)(3).................... Startup, shutdown, and Yes.................... Subpart WWWW of Part 63
malfunction plan and requires a startup,
recordkeeping. shutdown, and
malfunction plan only
for sources using add-
on controls.Sec. 63.6(f)(1).................... Compliance except No..................... Subpart WWWW of Part 63
during periods of requires compliance
startup, shutdown, and during periods of
malfunction. startup, shutdown, and
malfunction, except
startup, shutdown, and
malfunctions for
sources using add-on
controls.Sec. 63.6(f)(2) and (3)............ Methods for determining Yes....................
compliance.Sec. 63.6(g)(1) through (3)........ Alternative standard... Yes....................Sec. 63.6(h)....................... Opacity and visible No..................... Subpart WWWW of Part 63
emission Standards. does not contain
opacity or visible
emission standards.Sec. 63.6(i)(1) through (14)....... Compliance extensions.. Yes....................Sec. 63.6(i)(15)................... Reserved............... No.....................Sec. 63.6(i)(16)................... Compliance extensions.. Yes....................Sec. 63.6(j)....................... Presidential compliance Yes....................
exemption.Sec. 63.7(a)(1).................... Applicability of Yes....................
performance testing
requirements.Sec. 63.7(a)(2).................... Performance test dates. No..................... Subpart WWWW of Part 63
initial compliance
requirements are in
Sec. 63.5840.Sec. 63.7(a)(3).................... CAA Section 114 Yes....................
authority.Sec. 63.7(b)(1).................... Notification of Yes....................
performance test.Sec. 63.7(b)(2).................... Notification Yes....................
rescheduled
performance test.Sec. 63.7(c)....................... Quality assurance Yes.................... Except that the test
program, including plan must be submitted
test plan. with the notification
of the performance
test.Sec. 63.7(d)....................... Performance testing Yes....................
facilities.Sec. 63.7(e)....................... Conditions for Yes.................... Performance test
conducting performance requirements are
tests. contained in Sec.
63.5850. Additional
requirements for
conducting performance
tests for continuous
lamination/casting are
included in Sec.
63.5870.Sec. 63.7(f)....................... Use of alternative test Yes....................
method.Sec. 63.7(g)....................... Performance test data Yes....................
analysis,
recordkeeping, and
reporting.Sec. 63.7(h)....................... Waiver of performance Yes....................
tests.Sec. 63.8(a)(1) and (2)............ Applicability of Yes....................
monitoring
requirements.Sec. 63.8(a)(3).................... Reserved............... No.....................Sec. 63.8(a)(4).................... Monitoring requirements Yes....................
when using flares.Sec. 63.8(b)(1).................... Conduct of monitoring Yes....................
exceptions.Sec. 63.8(b)(2) and (3)............ Multiple effluents and Yes....................
multiple monitoring
systems.Sec. 63.8(c)(1).................... Compliance with CMS Yes.................... This section applies if
operation and you elect to use a CMS
maintenance to demonstrate
requirements. continuous compliance
with an emission
limit.Sec. 63.8(c)(2) and (3)............ Monitoring system Yes.................... This section applies if
installation. you elect to use a CMS
to demonstrate
continuous compliance
with an emission
limit.Sec. 63.8(c)(4).................... CMS requirements....... Yes.................... This section applies if
you elect to use a CMS
to demonstrate
continuous compliance
with an emission
limit.Sec. 63.8(c)(5).................... Continuous Opacity No..................... Subpart WWWW of Part 63
Monitoring System does not contain
(COMS) minimum opacity standards.
procedures.
Sec. 63.8(c)(6) through (8)........ CMS calibration and Yes.................... This section applies if
periods CMS is out of you elect to use a CMS
control. to demonstrate
continuous compliance
with an emission
limit.Sec. 63.8(d)....................... CMS quality control Yes.................... This section applies if
program, including you elect to use a CMS
test plan and all to demonstrate
previous versions. continuous compliance
with an emission
limit.Sec. 63.8(e)(1).................... Performance evaluation Yes.................... This section applies if
of CMS. you elect to use a CMS
to demonstrate
continuous compliance
with an emission
limit.Sec. 63.8(e)(2).................... Notification of Yes.................... This section applies if
performance evaluation. you elect to use a CMS
to demonstrate
continuous compliance
with an emission
limit.Sec. 63.8(e)(3) and (4)............ CMS requirements/ Yes.................... This section applies if
alternatives. you elect to use a CMS
to demonstrate
continuous compliance
with an emission
limit.Sec. 63.8(e)(5)(i)................. Reporting performance Yes.................... This section applies if
evaluation results. you elect to use a CMS
to demonstrate
continuous compliance
with an emission
limit.Sec. 63.8(e)(5)(ii)................ Results of COMS No..................... Subpart WWWW of Part 63
performance evaluation. does not contain
opacity standards.Sec. 63.8(f)(1) through (3)........ Use of an alternative Yes....................
monitoring method.Sec. 63.8(f)(4).................... Request to use an Yes....................
alternative monitoring
method.Sec. 63.8(f)(5).................... Approval of request to Yes....................
use an alternative
monitoring method.Sec. 63.8(f)(6).................... Request for alternative Yes.................... This section applies if
to relative accuracy you elect to use a CMS
test and associated to demonstrate
records. continuous compliance
with an emission
limit.Sec. 63.8(g)(1) through (5)........ Data reduction......... Yes....................Sec. 63.9(a)(1) through (4)........ Notification Yes....................
requirements and
general information.Sec. 63.9(b)(1).................... Initial notification Yes....................
applicability.Sec. 63.9(b)(2).................... Notification for Yes....................
affected source with
initial startup before
effective date of
standard.Sec. 63.9(b)(3).................... Reserved............... No.....................Sec. 63.9(b)(4)(i)................. Notification for a new Yes....................
or reconstructed major
affected source with
initial startup after
effective date for
which an application
for approval of
construction or
reconstruction is
required.Sec. 63.9(b)(4)(ii) through (iv)... Reserved............... No.....................Sec. 63.9(b)(4)(v)................. Notification for a new Yes.................... Existing facilities do
or reconstructed major not become
affected source with reconstructed under
initial startup after subpart WWWW of Part
effective date for 63.
which an application
for approval of
construction or
reconstruction is
required.Sec. 63.9(b)(5).................... Notification that you Yes.................... Existing facilities do
are subject to this not become
subpart for new or reconstructed under
reconstructed affected subpart WWWW of Part
source with initial 63.
startup after
effective date and for
which an application
for approval of
construction or
reconstruction is not
required.Sec. 63.9(c)....................... Request for compliance Yes....................
extension.Sec. 63.9(d)....................... Notification of special Yes....................
compliance
requirements for new
source.Sec. 63.9(e)....................... Notification of Yes....................
performance test.Sec. 63.9(f)....................... Notification of opacity No..................... Subpart WWWW of Part 63
and visible emissions does not contain
observations. opacity or visible
emission standards.
Sec. 63.9(g)(1).................... Additional notification Yes.................... This section applies if
requirements for you elect to use a CMS
sources using CMS. to demonstrate
continuous compliance
with an emission
limit.Sec. 63.9(g)(2).................... Notification of No..................... Subpart WWWW of Part 63
compliance with does not contain
opacity emission opacity emission
standard. standards.Sec. 63.9(g)(3).................... Notification that Yes.................... This section applies if
criterion to continue you elect to use a CMS
use of alternative to to demonstrate
relative accuracy continuous compliance
testing has been with an emission
exceeded. limit.Sec. 63.9(h)(1) through (3)........ Notification of Yes....................
compliance status.Sec. 63.9(h)(4).................... Reserved............... No.....................Sec. 63.9(h)(5) and (6)............ Notification of Yes....................
compliance status.Sec. 63.9(i)....................... Adjustment of submittal Yes....................
deadlines.Sec. 63.9(j)....................... Change in information Yes....................
provided.Sec. 63.10(a)...................... Applicability of Yes....................
recordkeeping and
reporting.Sec. 63.10(b)(1)................... Records retention...... Yes....................Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(i) through (v).... Records related to Yes.................... Only applies to
startup, shutdown, and facilities that use an
malfunction. add-on control device.Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(vi) through (xi).. CMS records, data on Yes....................
performance tests, CMS
performance
evaluations,
measurements necessary
to determine
conditions of
performance tests, and
performance
evaluations.Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(xii).............. Record of waiver of Yes....................
recordkeeping and
reporting.Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(xiii)............. Record for alternative Yes....................
to the relative
accuracy test.Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(xiv).............. Records supporting Yes....................
initial notification
and notification of
compliance status.Sec. 63.10(b)(3)................... Records for Yes....................
applicability
determinations.Sec. 63.10(c)(1)................... CMS records............ Yes.................... This section applies if
you elect to use a CMS
to demonstrate
continuous compliance
with an emission
limit.Sec. 63.10(c)(2) through (4)....... Reserved............... No.....................Sec. 63.10(c)(5) through (8)....... CMS records............ Yes.................... This section applies if
you elect to use a CMS
to demonstrate
continuous compliance
with an emission
limit.Sec. 63.10(c)(9)................... Reserved............... No.....................Sec. 63.10(c)(10) through (15)..... CMS records............ Yes.................... This section applies if
you elect to use a CMS
to demonstrate
continuous compliance
with an emission
limit.Sec. 63.10(d)(1)................... General reporting Yes....................
requirements.Sec. 63.10(d)(2)................... Report of performance Yes....................
test results.Sec. 63.10(d)(3)................... Reporting results of No..................... Subpart WWWW of Part 63
opacity or visible does not contain
emission observations. opacity or visible
emission standards.Sec. 63.10(d)(4)................... Progress reports as Yes....................
part of extension of
compliance.Sec. 63.10(d)(5)................... Startup, shutdown, and Yes.................... Only applies if you use
malfunction reports. an add-on control
device.Sec. 63.10(e)(1) through (3)....... Additional reporting Yes.................... This section applies if
requirements for CMS. you have an add-on
control device and
elect to use a CEM to
demonstrate continuous
compliance with an
emission limit.Sec. 63.10(e)(4)................... Reporting COMS data.... No..................... Subpart WWWW of Part 63
does not contain
opacity standards.Sec. 63.10(f)...................... Waiver for Yes....................
recordkeeping or
reporting.Sec. 63.11......................... Control device Yes.................... Only applies if you
requirements. elect to use a flare
as a control device.Sec. 63.12......................... State authority and Yes....................
delegations.
Sec. 63.13......................... Addresses of State air Yes....................
pollution control
agencies and EPA
Regional Offices.Sec. 63.14......................... Incorporations by Yes....................
reference.Sec. 63.15......................... Availability of Yes....................
information and
confidentiality.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sec. Appendix A to Subpart WWWW of Part 63--Test Method for Determining
Vapor Suppressant Effectiveness
1. Scope and Application
1.1 Applicability. If a facility is using vapor suppressants to reduce hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions, the organic HAP emission factor equations in Table 1 to this subpart require that the vapor suppressant effectiveness factor be determined. The vapor suppressant effectiveness factor is then used as one of the inputs into the appropriate organic HAP emission factor equation. The vapor suppressant effectiveness factor test is not intended to quantify overall volatile emissions from a resin, nor to be used as a stand-alone test for emissions determination. This test is designed to evaluate the performance of film forming vapor suppressant resin additives. The results of this test are used only in combination with the organic HAP emissions factor equations in Table 1 to this subpart to generate emission factors.
1.1.1 The open molding process consists of application of resin and reinforcements to the mold surface, followed by a manual rollout process to consolidate the laminate, and the curing stage where the laminate surface is not disturbed. Emission studies have shown that approximately 50 percent to 55 percent of the emissions occur while the resin is being applied to the mold. Vapor suppressants have little effect during this portion of the lamination process, but can have a significant effect during the curing stage. Therefore, if a suppressant is 100 percent effective, the overall emissions from the process would be reduced by 45 percent to 50 percent, representing the emissions generated during the curing stage. In actual practice, vapor suppressant effectiveness will be less than 100 percent and the test results determine the specific effectiveness in terms of the vapor suppressant effectiveness factor. This factor represents the effectiveness of a specific combination of suppressant additive and resin formulation.
1.1.2 A resin manufacturer may supply a molder with a vapor-suppressed resin, and employ this test to provide the molder with the vapor suppressant effectiveness factor for that combination of resin and vapor suppressant. The factor qualifies the effectiveness of the vapor suppressant when the resin is tested in the specific formulation supplied to the molder. The addition of fillers or other diluents by the molder may impact the effectiveness of the vapor suppressant. The formulation, including resin/glass ratio and filler content, used in the test should be similar to the formulation to be used in production. The premise of this method is to compare laminate samples made with vapor suppressant additive and made without the additive. The difference in emissions between the two yields the vapor suppressant effectiveness factor.
1.1.3 The method uses a mass balance determination to establish the relative loss of the volatile component from unsaturated polyester or vinyl ester resins, with and without vapor suppressant additives. The effectiveness of a specific vapor suppressant and resin mixture is determined by comparing the relative volatile weight losses from vapor suppressed and non-suppressed resins. The volatile species are not separately analyzed. While the species contained in the volatile component are not determined, an extended listing of potential monomer that may be contained in unsaturated polyester or vinyl ester resins is provided in Table 1.1. However, most polyester and vinyl ester resin formulations presently used by the composites industry only contain styrene monomer. Table 1.1--List of Monomers Potentially Present in Unsaturated Polyester/
Vinyl Ester Resins------------------------------------------------------------------------
Monomer CAS No.------------------------------------------------------------------------Styrene................................. 100-42-5.Vinyl toluene........................... 25013-15-4.Methyl methacrylate..................... 80-62-6.Alpha methyl styrene.................... 98-83-9.Para methyl styrene..................... Vinyl toluene isomer.Chlorostyrene........................... 1331-28-8.Diallyl phthalate....................... 131-17-9.Other volatile monomers................. Various.------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Summary of Method
2.1 Differences in specific resin and suppressant additive chemistry affect the performance of a vapor suppressant. The purpose of this method is to quantify the effectiveness of a specific combination of vapor suppressant and unsaturated polyester or vinyl ester resin as they are to be used in production. This comparative test quantifies the loss of volatiles from a fiberglass reinforced laminate during the roll-out and curing emission phases, for resins formulated with and without a suppressant additive. A criterion for this method is the testing of a non-vapor suppressed resin system and testing the same resin with a vapor suppressant. The two resins are as identical as possible with the exception of the addition of the suppressant to one. The exact formulation used for the test will be determined by the in-use production requirements. Each formulation of resin, glass, fillers, and additives is developed to meet particular customer and or performance specifications.
2.2 The result of this test is used as an input factor in the organic HAP emissions factor equations in Table 1 to this subpart, which allows these equations to predict emissions from a specific combination of resin and suppressant. This test does not provide an emission rate for the entire lamination process.
3. Definitions and Acronyms
3.1 Definitions
3.1.1 Vapor suppressant. An additive that inhibits the evaporation of volatile components in unsaturated polyester or vinyl ester resins.
3.1.2 Unsaturated polyester resin. A thermosetting resin commonly used in composites molding.
3.1.3 Unsaturated vinyl ester resin. A thermosetting resin used in composites molding for corrosion resistant and high performance applications.
3.1.4 Laminate. A combination of fiber reinforcement and a thermoset resin.
3.1.5 Chopped strand mat. Glass fiber reinforcement with random fiber orientation.
3.1.6 Initiator. A curing agent added to an unsaturated polyester or vinyl ester resin.
3.1.7 Resin application roller. A tool used to saturate and compact a wet laminate.
3.1.8 Gel time. The time from the addition of initiator to a resin to the state of resin gelation.
3.1.9 Filled resin system. A resin, which includes the addition of inert organic or inorganic materials to modify the resin properties, extend the volume and to lower the cost. Fillers include, but are not limited to; mineral particulates; microspheres; or organic particulates. This test is not intended to be used to determine the vapor suppressant effectiveness of a filler.
3.1.10 Material safety data sheet. Data supplied by the manufacturer of a chemical product, listing hazardous chemical components, safety precautions, and required personal protection equipment for a specific product.
3.1.11 Tare(ed). Reset a balance to zero after a container or object is placed on the balance; that is to subtract the weight of a container or object from the balance reading so as to weigh only the material placed in the container or on the object.
3.1.12 Percent glass. The specified glass fiber weight content in a laminate. It is usually determined by engineering requirements for the laminate.
3.2 Acronyms:
3.2.1 VS--vapor suppressed or vapor suppressant.
3.2.2 NVS--non-vapor suppressed.
3.2.3 VSE--vapor suppressant effectiveness.
3.2.4 VSE Factor--vapor suppressant effectiveness, factor used in the equations in Table 1 to this subpart.
3.2.5 CSM--chopped strand mat.
3.2.6 MSDS--material safety data sheet.
4. Interferences
There are no identified interferences which affect the results of this test.
5. Safety
Standard laboratory safety procedures should be used when conducting this test. Refer to specific MSDS for handling precautions.
6. Equipment and Supplies
Note: Mention of trade names or specific products or suppliers does not constitute an endorsement by the Environmental Protection Agency.
6.1 Required Equipment.
6.1.1 Balance enclosure.\1\
6.1.2 Two (2) laboratory balances--accurate to 0.01g.\2\
6.1.3 Stop watch or balance data recording output to data logger with accuracy 1 second.\3\
6.1.4 Thermometer--accurate to 2.0 [deg]F(1.0 [deg]C).\4\
6.1.5 A lipped pan large enough to hold the cut glass without coming into contact with the vertical sides, e.g. a pizza pan.\5\
6.1.6 Mylar film sufficient to cover the bottom of the pan.\6\
6.1.7 Tape to keep the Mylar from shifting in the bottom of the pan.\7\
6.1.8 Plastic tri-corner beakers of equivalent--250 ml to 400 ml capacity.\8\
6.1.9 Eye dropper or pipette.\9\
6.1.10 Disposable resin application roller, \3/16\-\3/4\ diameter x 3-6 roller length.\10\
6.1.11 Hygrometer or psychrometer \11\ accurate to 5 percent
6.1.12 Insulating board, (Teflon, cardboard, foam board etc.) to prevent the balance from becoming a heat sink.\12\
6.2 Optional Equipment.
6.2.1 Laboratory balance--accurate to .01g with digital output, such as an RS-232 bi-directional interface \13\ for use with automatic data recording devices.
6.2.2 Computer with recording software configured to link to balance digital output. Must be programmed to record data at the minimum intervals required for manual data acquisition.
6.3 Supplies.
6.3.1 Chopped strand mat--1.5 oz/ft.\2\ \14\
7. Reagents and Standards
7.1 Initiator. The initiator type, brand, and concentration will be specified by resin manufacturer, or as required by production operation.
7.2 Polyester or vinyl ester resin.
7.3 Vapor suppressant additive.
8. Sample Collection, Preservation, and Storage
This test method involves the immediate recording of data during the roll out and curing phases of the lamination process during each test run. Samples are neither collected, preserved, nor stored.
9. Quality Control
Careful attention to the prescribed test procedure, routing equipment calibration, and replicate testing are the quality control activities for this test method. Refer to the procedures in section 11. A minimum of six test runs of a resin system without a suppressant and six test runs of the same resin with a suppressant shall be performed for each resin and suppressant test combination.
10. Calibration and Standardization
10.1 The laboratory balances, stopwatch, hygrometer and thermometer shall be maintained in a state of calibration prior to testing and thereafter on a scheduled basis as determined by the testing laboratory. This shall be accomplished by using certified calibration standards.
10.2 Calibration records shall be maintained for a period of 3 years.
11. Test Procedure
11.1 Test Set-up.
11.1.1 The laboratory balance is located in an enclosure to prevent fluctuations in balance readings due to localized air movement. The front of enclosure is open to permit work activity, but positioned so that local airflow will not effect balance readings. The ambient temperature is determined by suspending the thermometer at a point inside the enclosure.
11.1.2 The bottom of the aluminum pan is covered with the Mylar film. The film is held in position with tape or by friction between the pan and the film.
11.1.3 The resin and pan are brought to room temperature. This test temperature must be between 70 [deg]F and 80 [deg]F. The testing temperature cannot vary more than 2 [deg]F during the measurement of test runs. Temperature shall be recorded at the same time weight is recorded on suppressed and non-suppressed test data sheets, shown in Table 17.1.
11.1.4 The relative humidity may not change more than 15 percent during the test runs. This is determined by recording the relative humidity in the vicinity of the test chamber at the beginning and end of an individual test run. This data is recorded on the test data sheets shown in Table 17.1.
11.1.5 Two plies of nominal 1.5 oz/ft\2\ chopped strand mat (CSM) are cut into a square or rectangle with the minimum surface area of 60 square inches (i.e. a square with a side dimension of 7.75 inches).
11.1.6 The appropriate resin application roller is readily available.
11.2 Resin Gel Time/Initiator Percentage
11.2.1 Previous testing has indicated that resin gel time influences the emissions from composite production. The testing indicated that longer the gel times led to higher emissions. There are a number of factors that influence gel time including initiator type, initiator brand, initiator level, temperature and resin additives. Under actual usage conditions a molder will adjust the initiator to meet a gel time requirement. In this test procedure, the vapor suppressed and non-vapor suppressed resin systems will be adjusted to the same gel time by selecting the appropriate initiator level for each.
11.2.2 All test runs within a test will be processed in a manner that produces the same resin gel time 2 minutes. To facilitate the resin mixing procedure, master batches of resin and resin plus vapor suppressant of resin are prepared. These resin master batches will have all of the required ingredients except initiator; this includes filler for filled systems. The gel times for the tests are conducted using the master batch and adjustments to meet gel time requirements shall be made to the master batch before emission testing is conducted. Test temperatures must be maintained within the required range, during gel time testing. Further gel time testing is not required after the non-vapor suppressed and vapor suppressed master batches are established with gel times within 2 minutes. A sufficient quantity of each resin should be prepared to allow for additional test specimens in the event one or more test fails to meet the data acceptance criteria discussed in Section 11.5 and shown in Table 17.2.
11.2.3 The specific brand of initiator and the nominal percentage level recommended by the resin manufacturer will be indicated on the resin certificate of analysis \15\; or, if a unique gel time is required in a production laminate, initiator brand and percentage will be determined by that specific requirement.
11.2.4 Examples:
11.2.4.1 The resin for a test run is specified as having a 15-minute cup gel time at 77 [deg]F using Brand X initiator at 1.5 percent by weight. The non-suppressed control resin has a 15-minute gel time. The suppressed resin has a gel time of 17-minutes. An initiator level of 1.5 percent would be selected for the both the non-suppressed and the suppressed test samples.
11.2.4.2 Based on a specific production requirement, a resin is processed in production using 2.25 percent of Brand Y initiator, which produces a 20-minute gel time. This initiator at level of 2.25 percent produces a 20 minute gel time for the non-suppressed control resin, but yields a 25-minute gel time for the suppressed resin sample. The suppressed resin is retested at 2.50 percent initiator and produces a 21-minute gel time. The initiator levels of 2.25 percent and 2.50 percent respectively would yield gel times within 2 minutes.
11.3 Test Run Procedure for Unfilled Resin (see the data sheet shown in Table 17.1).
11.3.1 The insulating board is placed on the balance.
11.3.2 The aluminum pan with attached Mylar film is placed on the balance, and the balance is tared (weight reading set to zero with the plate on the balance.)
11.3.3 Place two plies of 1.5 oz. CSM on the balance and record the weight (glass weight).
11.3.4 The resin beaker and stirring rod are put on the second balance and tared.
11.3.5 The required resin weight and initiator weight are calculated (refer to calculation formulas in 12.2).
11.3.6 The disposable resin application roller is placed on the edge of the plate.
11.3.7 The balance is tared, with the aluminum pan, Mylar film, glass mat, and resin application roller on the balance pan.
11.3.8 Resin is weighed into a beaker, as calculated, using the second balance. The mixing stick should be tared with the beaker weight.
11.3.9 Initiator is weighed into the resin, as calculated, using an eyedropper or a pipette, and the combination is mixed.
11.3.10 Initiated resin is poured on chopped strand mat in a pe-determined pattern (see Figure 11.6).
11.3.11 A stopwatch is started from zero.
11.3.12 The initial laminate weight is recorded.
11.3.13 The plate is removed from balance to enable roll-out of the laminate.
11.3.14 The wet laminate is rolled with the resin application roller to completely distribute the resin, saturate the chopped strand mat, and eliminate air voids. Roll-out time should be in the range of 2 to 3\16\ minutes and vary less than 10 percent of the average time required for the complete set of six suppressed and six non-suppressed runs.
11.3.15 Record the rollout end time (time from start to completion of rollout).
11.3.16 Place the resin application roller on the edge of the plate when rollout is completed.
11.3.17 Place the plate back on the balance pan. Immediately record the weight.
11.3.18 For the first test in a series of six tests, weight is recorded every 5-minute interval (suppressed and non-suppressed). The end of the test occurs when three consecutive equal weights are recorded or a weight gain is observed (the last weight before the increased weight is the end of test weight). For the remaining five tests in the series, after the initial weights are taken, the next weight is recorded 30 minutes before the end of the test, as suggested by the results from the first test. It is likely that the time to reach the end point of a suppressed resin test will be shorter than the time required to complete a non-suppressed test. Therefore, the time to start taking data manually may be different for suppressed and non-suppressed resins.
11.4 Test Run Procedures for Filled Resin Systems \17\ Note that the procedure for filled systems differs from the procedure for unfilled systems. With filled systems, resin is applied to one ply of the CSM and the second ply is placed on top of the resin.
11.4.1 The insulating board is placed on the balance.
11.4.2 The aluminum pan with attached Mylar film is placed on the balance, and the balance is tared (weight reading set to zero with the plate on the balance.)
11.4.3 Place two plies of 1.5 oz. CSM on the balance and record the weight (glass weight).
11.4.4 Remove the top ply of fiberglass and record its weight (weight of 1st layer of glass).
11.4.5 The required resin weight and initiator weight are calculated (refer to calculation formulas in 12.2). Calculate the weight of filled resin and initiator based on the 2 layers of fiberglass.
11.4.6 The resin beaker and stirring rod are put on the second balance and tared.
11.4.7 A disposable resin application roller is placed on the edge of the plate.
11.4.8 The balance is tared, with the aluminum pan, Mylar film, glass mat, and resin application roller on the balance pan.
11.4.9 Resin is weighed into the beaker, as calculated, using the second balance. The mixing stick should be tared with the beaker weight.
11.4.10 Initiator is weighed into the resin, as calculated, using an eyedropper or a pipette, and the combination is mixed.
11.4.11 Initiated resin is poured on the single ply of CSM in a pre-determined pattern. Refer to Figure 11.6.
11.4.12 A stopwatch is started from zero.
11.4.13 Record the weight of the resin ans single ply of CSM (L1). The initial laminate weight equals L1 plus the weight of second glass layer.
11.4.14 Replace the second layer of fiberglass.
11.4.15 Remove the plate from the balance to allow roll-out of the laminate.
11.4.16 Roll the wet laminate with the resin application roller to completely distribute the resin, saturate the chopped strand mat, and eliminate air voids. Roll-out time should be in the range of 2 to 3\16\ minutes and vary less than 10 percent of the average time required for the complete set of six suppressed and six non-suppressed runs.
11.4.17 Record the roll-out end time (time from start to completion of rollout).
11.4.18 Place the resin application roller on the edge of the plate when rollout is completed.
11.4.19 Place the plate back on the balance pan. The initial weight is recorded immediately.
11.4.20 For the first test run in a series of six, weight is recorded at every 5-minute interval (suppressed and non-suppressed). The end of the test occurs when three consecutive equal weights are recorded or a weight gain is observed (the last weight before the increased weight is the end of test weight). For the remaining five tests in the series, after the initial weights are taken, the next weight is recorded 30 minutes before the end of the test, as suggested by the results from the first test. It is likely that the time to reach the end point of a suppressed resin test will be shorter than the time required to complete a non-suppressed test. Therefore, the time to start taking data manually may be different for suppressed and non-suppressed resins.
11.5 Data Acceptance Criteria:
11.5.1 A test set is designed as twelve individual test runs using the same resin, initiator, and gel time, six of the test runs use the resin non-vapor suppressed and the other six use it vapor suppressed.
11.5.2 If a test run falls outside any of the time, temperature, weight or humidity variation requirements, it must be discarded and run again.
11.5.3 The laminate roll out time for each individual test run must vary less than 10 percent of the average time required for the complete set of six suppressed and six non-suppressed runs.
11.5.4 Test temperature for each test run must be maintained within 2 [deg]F and the average must be between 70[deg] and 80 [deg]F. Refer to 11.1.3.
11.5.5 The difference in the amount of resin for each run must be within 10 percent of the average weight for the complete set of six suppressed and six non-suppressed runs.
11.5.6 The relative humidity from each test run must be within 15 percent of the average humidity for the complete set of six suppressed and six non-suppressed tests. Refer to 11.1.4
11.5.7 The glass content for each test set must be within 10 percent of the average resin-to-/glass ratio for the complete set of six suppressed and six non-suppressed runs. Refer to 12.2).
11.5.8 The filler content for each test of a test set must be within 5 percent of the average filler content for the complete set of six suppressed and six non-suppressed runs. Refer to 12.2.
11.6 Resin Application Pour Pattern:
11.6.1 To facilitate the distribution of resin across the chopped strand mat, and to provide consistency from test to test, a uniform pour pattern should be used. A typical pour pattern is shown below: [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21AP03.009
11.6.2 The resin is to be evenly distributed across the entire surface of the chopped strand mat using the resin application roller to achieve a wet look across the surface of the laminate. Pushing excess resin off the reinforcement and onto the Mylar sheet should be avoided. No resin is to be pushed more than \1/2\ inch beyond the edge of the glass mat. If excess resin is pushed further from the glass mat, it will void the test run. As part of this process, typical visible air voids are to be eliminated by the rollout process. If the pour pattern is different from the above, it must be recorded and attached to test data sheet 17.1.
12. Data Analysis and Calculations
12.1 Data Analysis:
This test method requires a simple mass balance calculation, no special data analysis is necessary.
12.2 Calculations:
12.2.1 The target glass content (percent) for unfilled resin systems is determined from the specific production parameters being evaluated. In absence of any specific production requirements the target may be set at the tester's discretion.
12.2.2 Glass content determination (expressed as a per cent): % Glass = Glass wt(g)/(Glass wt(g) + Resin weight (g))
12.2.3 Weight of resin required:
Resin weight required = (Glass wt (g)/% glass)--Glass wt (g)
12.2.4 Filled resin formulation determination for filled resin systems (e.g. 30 percent filler by weight for a particulate filler, or 1 percent by weight for a lightweight filler, such as hollow microspheres): % Resin content = resinweight(g)/(resin weight(g) + glassweight(g) + filler weight(g))% Glass content = glassweight(g)/(resin weight(g) + glassweight(g) + filler weight(g))Filler content = fillerweight(g)/(resin weight(g) + glassweight(g) + filler weight(g))
12.2.5 Initiator weight determination: Initiator weight (g) = Resin weight(g) x Initiator %
12.2.6 Emission weight loss determination:
Emissions weight loss (g) = Initial resin weight (g)-Final resin weight (g)
12.2.7 % Emission weight loss: % Emission Weight Loss = (Emission weight loss (g) Initial resin weight
(g) x 100
12.2.8 Average % Emission Weight Loss (assuming six test runs): [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21AP03.010
12.2.9 VSE Factor calculation: VSE Factor = 1 -(Average % VS Emission Weight Loss/Average NVS Emission
Weight Loss)
Table 12.1--Example Calculation------------------------------------------------------------------------
% VS % NVS
Test weight weight
loss loss------------------------------------------------------------------------1.................................................. 6.87 10.862.................................................. 6.76 11.233.................................................. 5.80 12.024.................................................. 5.34 11.705.................................................. 6.11 11.916.................................................. 6.61 10.63Average Weight Loss................................ 6.25 11.39VSE Factor......................................... ........ 0.4------------------------------------------------------------------------
VSE Factor = 0.45
VSE Factor is used as input into the appropriate equation in Table 1 to this subpart.
Example from Table 1 to this subpart: Manual Resin Application, 35 percent HAP resin, VSE Factor of 0.45HAP Emissions with vapor suppresants = ((0.286 x %HAP)-0.0529) x 2000 x
(1-(0.5 x VSE factor))HAP Emissions with vapor suppresants = ((0.286 x .35)-0.0529) x 2000 x
(1-(0.5 x .45))HAP Emissions with vapor suppresants = 73 pounds of HAP emissions per
ton of resin.
13. Method Performance
13.1 Bias:
The bias of this test method has not been determined.
13.2 Precision Testing
13.2.1 Subsequent to the initial development of this test protocol by the Composites Fabricators Association, a series of tests were conducted in three different laboratory facilities. The purpose of this round robin testing was to verify the precision of the test method in various laboratories. Each laboratory received a sample of an orthophthalic polyester resin from the same production batch, containing 48 per cent styrene by weight. Each testing site was also provided with the same vapor suppressant additive. The suppressant manufacturer specified the percentage level of suppressant additive. The resin manufacturer specified the type and level of initiator required to produce a 20 minute gel time. The target glass content was 30 percent by weight.
13.2.2 Each laboratory independently conducted the VSE test according to this method. A summary of the results is included in Table 13.1.
Table 13.1--Round Robin Testing Results----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Test Lab 1 Test Lab 2 Test Lab 3
-----------------------------------------------------------------
NVS VS NVS S NVS VS----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Average percent WT Loss....................... 4.24 1.15 4.69 1.84 5.73 1.61Standard Deviation............................ 0.095 0.060 0.002 0.002 0.020 0.003VSE Factor.................................... ......... 0.730 ......... 0.607 ......... 0.720----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13.3 Comparison to EPA Reference Methods This test has no corresponding EPA reference method.
14. Pollution Prevention
The sample size used in this method produces a negligible emission of HAP, and has an insignificant impact upon the atmosphere.
15. Waste Management
The spent and waste materials generated during this test are disposed according to required facility procedures, and waste management recommendations on the corresponding material safety data sheets.
16. References and footnotes
16.1 Footnotes:
\1\ Balance Enclosure--The purpose of the balance enclosure is to prevent localized airflow from adversely affecting the laboratory balance. The enclosure may be a simple three-sided box with a top and an open face. The configuration of the enclosure is secondary to the purpose of providing a stable and steady balance reading, free from the effects of airflow, for accurate measurements. The enclosure can be fabricated locally. A typical enclosure is shown in Figure 17.1.
\2\ Laboratory Balance--Ohaus Precision Standard Series P/N TS400D or equivalent--Paul N. Gardner Co. 316 NE 1st St. Pompano Beach, FL 33060 or other suppliers.
\3\ Stop Watch--Local supply.
\4\ Thermometer--Mercury thermometer--ASTM No. 21C or equivalent; Digital thermometer--P/N TH-33033 or equivalent--Paul N. Gardner Co. 316 NE 1st St. Pompano Beach, FL 33060 or other suppliers.
\5\ Aluminum Pan--Local supply.
\6\ Mylar--Local supply.
\7\ Double Sided Tape--3M Double Stick Tape or equivalent, local supply.
\8\ Laboratory Beakers--250 to 400ml capacity--Local laboratory supply.
\9\ Eye Dropper or Pipette--Local laboratory supply.
\10\ Disposable Resin Application Roller Source--Wire Handle Roller P/N 205-050-300 or Plastic Handle Roller P/N 215-050-300 or equivalent; ES Manufacturing Inc., 2500 26st Ave. North, St. Petersburg, FL 33713, www.esmfg.com, or other source. Refer to Figure 17.3.
\11\ Hygrometer or Psychrometer--Model THWD-1, or equivalent--Part 975765 by Amprobe Instrument, 630 Merrick Road, P.O. Box 329, Lynbrook, NY 11563, 516-593-5600
\12\ Insulating Board (Teflon, cardboard, foam board etc.)--Local supply.
\13\ Laboratory Balance With Digital Output--Ohaus Precision Standard Series P/N TS120S or equivalent--Paul N. Gardner Co. 316 NE 1st St. Pompano Beach, FL 33060 or other suppliers.
\14\ Chopped Strand Mat--1.5 oz/ft \2\ Sources: Owens Corning Fiberglas--Fiberglas M-723; PPG Industries--ABM HTX; Vetrotex America--M-127 or equivalent.
\15\ Certificate of Analysis: Resin gel time, as recorded on the resin certificate of analysis, is measured using a laboratory standard gel time procedure. This procedure typically uses a 100 gram cup sample at 77 [deg]F (25 [deg]C), a specific type of initiator and a specified percentage.
\16\ Roll-out times may vary with resin viscosity or resin additive. The important aspect of this step is to produce the same roll-out time for both the suppressed and non-suppressed samples.
\17\ While this test can be used with filled resin systems, the test is not designed to determine the effect of the filler on emissions, but rather to measure the effect of the suppressant additive in the resin system. When evaluating a filled system both the non-vapor suppressed and vapor suppressed samples should be formulated with the same type and level of filler.
16.2 References
1. Phase 1--Baseline Study Hand Lay-up, CFA, 1996
2. CFA Vapor Suppressant Effectiveness Test Development, 4/3/98, correspondence with Dr. Madeleine Strum, EPA, OAQPS
3. CFA Vapor Suppressant Effectiveness Screening Tests, 4/4/98
4. Styrene Suppressant Systems Study, Reichhold Chemical, 11/30/98
5. Evaluation of the CFA's New Proposed Vapor Suppressant Effectiveness Test, Technical Service Request : ED-01-98, BYK Chemie, 6/3/98
6. Second Evaluation of the CFA's New Proposed Vapor Suppressant Effectiveness Test, Technical Service Request : ED-02-98, BYK Chemie, 1/26/99
17. Data Sheets and Figures
17.1 This data sheet, or a similar data sheet, is used to record the test data for filled, unfilled, suppressed and non-suppressed tests. If additional time is required, the data sheet may be extended. [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21AP03.011 [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21AP03.012
17.2 Data Acceptance Criteria Worksheet:
The following worksheet is used to determine the quality of collected data (i.e. insure the data collected all meets acceptance criteria)
Table 17.2--Data Acceptance Criteria Worksheet------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Temperature Relative humidity, %
Test No. ------------------------------------------ Laminate roll -------------------------------- Resin weight, Glass content, Resin Meets criteria Y/
Min Max Delta out time, min Initial Final (g) % distribution N------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AverageCriteria...................... 15 of thn-eq>10% of thn-eq>10% of off mat
n [deg]F n0% of n5 of Average Avg. Avg.
Average Average------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17.3 VSE Factor Calculation
Table 17.3--Calculations Worksheet------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vapor suppressed Non-vapor suppressed------------------------------------------------------------------------
Test % Weight loss Test % Weight loss------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------Average Weight
Loss------------------------------------------------------------------------
VSE Factor------------------------------------------------------------------------VSE Factor = 1--(% Average Weight Loss VS/ % Average Weight LossNVS)
17.4 Figures [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21AP03.013 [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21AP03.014 [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21AP03.015 Subpart XXXX_National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants:
Rubber Tire Manufacturing
Source: 67 FR 45598, July 9, 2002, unless otherwise noted.
What This Subpart Covers