Except as provided in this section, all of the terms used in this subpart have the same meaning given in the Clean Air Act and subpart A of this part. If a conflict exists between a definition provided in this subpart and a definition provided in subpart A, the definition in this subpart shall take precedence for the reporting requirements in this subpart.
Batch process or batch operation means a noncontinuous operation involving intermittent or discontinuous feed into equipment, and, in general, involves the emptying of the equipment after the batch operation ceases and prior to beginning a new operation. Addition of raw material and withdrawal of product do not occur simultaneously in a batch operation.
Batch emission episode means a discrete venting episode associated with a vessel in a process; a vessel may have more than one batch emission episode. For example, a displacement of vapor resulting from the charging of a vessel with a feed material will result in a discrete emission episode that will last through the duration of the charge and will have an average flow rate equal to the rate of the charge. If the vessel is then heated, there will also be another discrete emission episode resulting from the expulsion of expanded vapor. Other emission episodes also may occur from the same vessel and other vessels in the process, depending on process operations.
By-product means a chemical that is produced coincidentally during the production of another chemical.
Completely destroyed means destroyed with a destruction efficiency of 99.99 percent or greater.
Completely recaptured means 99.99 percent or greater of each fluorinated GHG is removed from a stream.
Continuous process or operation means a process where the inputs and outputs flow continuously throughout the duration of the process. Continuous processes are typically steady state.
Destruction device means any device used to destroy fluorinated GHG.
Destruction process means a process used to destroy fluorinated GHG in a destruction device such as a thermal incinerator or catalytic oxidizer.
Difficult-to-monitor means the equipment piece may not be monitored without elevating the monitoring personnel more than 2 meters (7 feet) above a support surface or it is not accessible in a safe manner when it is in fluorinated GHG service.
Dual mechanical seal pump and dual mechanical seal agitator means a pump or agitator equipped with a dual mechanical seal system that includes a barrier fluid system where the barrier fluid is not in light liquid service; each barrier fluid system is equipped with a sensor that will detect failure of the seal system, the barrier fluid system, or both; and meets the following requirements:
(1) Each dual mechanical seal system is operated with the barrier fluid at a pressure that is at all times (except periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction) greater than the pump or agitator stuffing box pressure; or
(2) Equipped with a barrier fluid degassing reservoir that is routed to a process or fuel gas system or connected by a closed-vent system to a control device; or
(3) Equipped with a closed-loop system that purges the barrier fluid into a process stream.
Equipment (for the purposes of Sec. 98.123(d) and Sec. 98.124(f) only) means each pump, compressor, agitator, pressure relief device, sampling connection system, open-ended valve or line, valve, connector, and instrumentation system in fluorinated GHG service for a process subject to this subpart; and any destruction devices or closed-vent systems to which processes subject to this subpart are vented.
Fluorinated gas means any fluorinated GHG, CFC, or HCFC.
Fluorinated gas product means the product of the process, including isolated intermediates.
Fully fluorinated GHGs means fluorinated GHGs that contain only single bonds and in which all available valence locations are filled by fluorine atoms. This includes but is not limited to saturated perfluorocarbons, SF6, NF3, SF5CF3, fully fluorinated linear, branched and cyclic alkanes, fully fluorinated ethers, fully fluorinated tertiary amines, fully fluorinated aminoethers, and perfluoropolyethers.
Generically-identified process means a process that is:
(1) Identified as a production process, a transformation process where no fluorinated GHG reactant is produced at another facility, or a transformation process where one or more fluorinated GHG reactants are produced at another facility;
(2) Further identified as a reaction, distillation, or packaging process, or a combination thereof; and
(3) Tagged with a discrete identifier, such as a letter or number, that remains constant from year to year.
In fluorinated GHG service means that a piece of equipment either contains or contacts a feedstock, by-product, or product that is a liquid or gas and contains at least 5 percent by weight fluorinated GHG.
In gas and vapor service means that a piece of equipment in regulated material service contains a gas or vapor at operating conditions.
In heavy liquid service means that a piece of equipment in regulated material service is not in gas and vapor service or in light liquid service.
In light liquid service means that a piece of equipment in regulated material service contains a liquid that meets the following conditions:
(1) The vapor pressure of one or more of the compounds is greater than 0.3 kilopascals at 20 [deg]C.
(2) The total concentration of the pure compounds constituents having a vapor pressure greater than 0.3 kilopascals at 20 [deg]C is equal to or greater than 20 percent by weight of the total process stream.
(3) The fluid is a liquid at operating conditions.
Note to definition of ``in light liquid service'': Vapor pressures may be determined by standard reference texts or ASTM D-2879, (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 98.7).
In vacuum service means that equipment is operating at an internal pressure which is at least 5 kilopascals below ambient pressure.
Isolated intermediate means a product of a process that is stored before subsequent processing. An isolated intermediate is usually a product of chemical synthesis. Storage of an isolated intermediate marks the end of a process. Storage occurs at any time the intermediate is placed in equipment used solely for storage.
Major fluorinated GHG constituent means a fluorinated GHG constituent of a fluorinated gas product that occurs in concentrations greater than 1 percent by mass.
No external shaft pump and No external shaft agitator means any pump or agitator that is designed with no externally actuated shaft penetrating the pump or agitator housing.
Operating scenario means any specific operation of a process and includes the information specified in paragraphs (1) through (5) of this definition for each process. A change or series of changes to any of these elements, except for paragraph (4) of this definition, constitutes a different operating scenario.
(1) A description of the process, the specific process equipment used, and the range of operating conditions for the process.
(2) An identification of related process vents, their associated emissions episodes and durations, and calculations and engineering analyses to show the annual uncontrolled fluorinated GHG emissions from the process vent.
(3) The control or destruction devices used, as applicable, including a description of operating and/or testing conditions for any associated destruction device.
(4) The process vents (including those from other processes) that are simultaneously routed to the control or destruction device(s).
(5) The applicable monitoring requirements and any parametric level that assures destruction or removal for all emissions routed to the control or destruction device.
Process means all equipment that collectively functions to produce a fluorinated gas product, including an isolated intermediate (which is also a fluorinated gas product), or to transform a fluorinated gas product. A process may consist of one or more unit operations. For the purposes of this subpart, process includes any, all, or a combination of reaction, recovery, separation, purification, or other activity, operation, manufacture, or treatment which are used to produce a fluorinated gas product. For a continuous process, cleaning operations conducted may be considered part of the process, at the discretion of the facility. For a batch process, cleaning operations are part of the process. Ancillary activities are not considered a process or part of any process under this subpart. Ancillary activities include boilers and incinerators, chillers and refrigeration systems, and other equipment and activities that are not directly involved (i.e., they operate within a closed system and materials are not combined with process fluids) in the processing of raw materials or the manufacturing of a fluorinated gas product.
Process condenser means a condenser whose primary purpose is to recover material as an integral part of a process. All condensers recovering condensate from a process vent at or above the boiling point or all condensers in line prior to a vacuum source are considered process condensers. Typically, a primary condenser or condensers in series are considered to be integral to the process if they are capable of and normally used for the purpose of recovering chemicals for fuel value (i.e., net positive heating value), use, reuse or for sale for fuel value, use, or reuse.
Process vent (for the purposes of this subpart only) means a vent from a process vessel or vents from multiple process vessels within a process that are manifolded together into a common header, through which a fluorinated GHG-containing gas stream is, or has the potential to be, released to the atmosphere (or the point of entry into a control device, if any). Examples of process vents include, but are not limited to, vents on condensers used for product recovery, bottoms receivers, surge control vessels, reactors, filters, centrifuges, and process tanks. Process vents do not include vents on storage tanks, wastewater emission sources, or pieces of equipment.
Typical batch means a batch process operated within a range of operating conditions that are documented in an operating scenario. Emissions from a typical batch are based on the operating conditions that result in representative emissions. The typical batch defines the uncontrolled emissions for each emission episode defined under the operating scenario.
Uncontrolled fluorinated GHG emissions means a gas stream containing fluorinated GHG which has exited the process (or process condenser or control condenser, where applicable), but which has not yet been introduced into a destruction device to reduce the mass of fluorinated GHG in the stream. If the emissions from the process are not routed to a destruction device, uncontrolled emissions are those fluorinated GHG emissions released to the atmosphere.
Unsafe-to-monitor means that monitoring personnel would be exposed to an immediate danger as a consequence of monitoring the piece of equipment. Examples of unsafe-to-monitor equipment include, but are not limited to, equipment under extreme pressure or heat. [75 FR 74831, Dec. 1, 2010, as amended at 77 FR 51490, Aug. 24, 2012; 79 FR 73789, Dec. 11, 2014] Sec. Table L-1 to Subpart L of Part 98--Ranges of Effective Destruction
Efficiency ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Range of Reductions-------------------------------------------------------------------------=99%.=95% to <99%.=75% to <95%.=0% to <75%.------------------------------------------------------------------------ [79 FR 73789, Dec. 11, 2014]
Sec. Appendix A to Subpart L of Part 98--Mass Balance Method for
Fluorinated Gas Production
1. Mass Balance Method for Sec. 98.123(b). [Note: Numbering convention here matches original rule text, 75 FR 74774, December 1, 2010.]
(b) Mass balance method. Before using the mass balance approach to estimate your fluorinated GHG emissions from a process, you must ensure that the process and the equipment and methods used to measure it meet either the error limits described in this paragraph and calculated under paragraph (b)(1) of this section or the requirements specified in paragraph Sec. 98.124(b)(8). If you choose to calculate the error limits, you must estimate the absolute and relative errors associated with using the mass balance approach on that process using Equations L-1 through L-4 of this section in conjunction with Equations L-5 through L-10 of this section. You may use the mass-balance approach to estimate emissions from the process if this calculation results in an absolute error of less than or equal to 3,000 metric tons CO2e per year or a relative error of less than or equal to 30 percent of the estimated CO2e fluorinated GHG emissions. If you do not meet either of the error limits or the requirements of paragraph Sec. 98.124(b)(8), you must use the emission factor approach detailed in paragraphs (c), (d), and (e) of this section to estimate emissions from the process.
(1) Error calculation. To perform the calculation, you must first calculate the absolute and relative errors associated with the quantities calculated using either Equations L-7 through L-10 of this section or Equation L-17 of this section. Alternatively, you may estimate these errors based on the variability of previous process measurements (e.g., the variability of measurements of stream concentrations), provided these measurements are representative of the current process and current measurement devices and techniques. Once errors have been calculated for the quantities in these equations, those errors must be used to calculate the errors in Equations L-6 and L-5 of this section. You may ignore the errors associated with Equations L-11, L-12, and L-13 of this section.
(i) Where the measured quantity is a mass, the error in the mass must be equated to the accuracy or precision (whichever is larger) of the flowmeter, scale, or combination of volumetric and density measurements at the flow rate or mass measured.
(ii) Where the measured quantity is a concentration of a stream component, the error of the concentration must be equated to the accuracy or precision (whichever is larger) with which you estimate the mean concentration of that stream component, accounting for the variability of the process, the frequency of the measurements, and the accuracy or precision (whichever is larger) of the analytical technique used to measure the concentration at the concentration measured. If the variability of process measurements is used to estimate the error, this variability shall be assumed to account both for the variability of the process and the precision of the analytical technique. Use standard statistical techniques such as the student's t distribution to estimate the error of the mean of the concentration measurements as a function of process variability and frequency of measurement.
(iii) Equation L-1 of this section provides the general formula for calculating the absolute errors of sums and differences where the sum, S, is the summation of variables measured, a, b, c, etc. (e.g., S = a + b + c):[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11DE14.005 Where: eSA = Absolute error of the sum, expressed as one half of a
95 percent confidence interval.ea = Relative error of a, expressed as one half of a 95
percent confidence interval.eb = Relative error of b, expressed as one half of a 95
percent confidence interval.ec = Relative error of c, expressed as one half of a 95
percent confidence interval.
(iv) Equation L-2 of this section provides the general formula for calculating the relative errors of sums and differences:[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11DE14.006 Where: eSR = Relative error of the sum, expressed as one half of a
95 percent confidence interval.eSA = Absolute error of the sum, expressed as one half of a
95 percent confidence interval.a+b+c = Sum of the variables measured.
(v) Equation L-3 of this section provides the general formula for calculating the absolute errors of products (e.g., flow rates of GHGs calculated as the product of the flow rate of the stream and the concentration of the GHG in the stream), where the product, P, is the result of multiplying the variables measured, a, b, c, etc. (e.g., P = a*b*c):[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11DE14.007 Where:ePA = Absolute error of the product, expressed as one half of
a 95 percent confidence interval.ea = Relative error of a, expressed as one half of a 95
percent confidence interval.eb = Relative error of b, expressed as one half of a 95
percent confidence interval.ec = Relative error of c, expressed as one half of a 95
percent confidence interval.
(vi) Equation L-4 of this section provides the general formula for calculating the relative errors of products:[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11DE14.008 Where:ePR = Relative error of the product, expressed as one half of
a 95 percent confidence interval.ePA = Absolute error of the product, expressed as one half of
a 95 percent confidence interval.a*b*c = Product of the variables measured.
(vii) Calculate the absolute error of the emissions estimate in terms of CO2e by performing a preliminary estimate of the annual CO2e emissions of the process using the method in paragraph (b)(1)(viii) of this section. Multiply this result by the relative error calculated for the mass of fluorine emitted from the process in Equation L-6 of this section.
(viii) To estimate the annual CO2e emissions of the process for use in the error estimate, apply the methods set forth in paragraphs (b)(2) through (7) and (b)(9) through (16) of this section to representative process measurements. If these process measurements represent less than one year of typical process activity, adjust the estimated emissions to account for one year of typical process activity. To estimate the terms FERd, FEP, and FEBk for use in the error estimate for Equations L-11, L-12, and L-13 of this section, you must either use emission testing, monitoring of emitted streams, and/or engineering calculations or assessments, or in the alternative assume that all fluorine is emitted in the form of the fluorinated GHG that has the highest GWP among the fluorinated GHGs that occur in more than trace concentrations in the process. To convert the fluorinated GHG emissions to CO2e, use Equation A-1 of Sec. 98.2. For fluorinated GHGs whose GWPs are not listed in Table A-1 to subpart A of this part, use a default GWP of 2,000.
(2) The total mass of each fluorinated GHG emitted annually from each fluorinated gas production and each fluorinated GHG transformation process must be estimated by using Equation L-5 of this section.[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11DE14.009 Where: EFGHGf = Total mass of each fluorinated GHG f emitted
annually from production or transformation process i (metric
tons).ERp-FGHGf = Total mass of fluorinated GHG reactant f emitted
from production process i over the period p (metric tons,
calculated in Equation L-11 of this section).EPp-FGHGf = Total mass of the fluorinated GHG product f
emitted from production process i over the period p (metric
tons, calculated in Equation L-12 of this section).EBp-FGHGf = Total mass of fluorinated GHG by-product f
emitted from production process i over the period p (metric
tons, calculated in Equation L-13 of this section).n = Number of concentration and flow measurement periods for the year.
(3) The total mass of fluorine emitted from process i over the period p must be estimated at least monthly by calculating the difference between the total mass of fluorine in the reactant(s) (or inputs, for processes that do not involve a chemical reaction) and the total mass of fluorine in the product (or outputs, for processes that do not involve a chemical reaction), accounting for the total mass of fluorine in any destroyed or recaptured streams that contain reactants, products, or by-products (or inputs or outputs). This calculation must be performed using Equation L-6 of this section. An element other than fluorine may be used in the mass-balance equation, provided the element occurs in all of the fluorinated GHGs fed into or generated by the process. In this case, the mass fractions of the element in the reactants, products, and by-products must be calculated as appropriate for that element.[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11DE14.010 Where: EF = Total mass of fluorine emitted from process i over the
period p (metric tons).Rd = Total mass of the fluorine-containing reactant d that is
fed into process i over the period p (metric tons).P = Total mass of the fluorine-containing product produced by process i
over the period p (metric tons).MFFRd = Mass fraction of fluorine in reactant d, calculated
in Equation L-14 of this section.MFFP = Mass fraction of fluorine in the product, calculated
in Equation L-15 of this section.FD = Total mass of fluorine in destroyed or recaptured
streams from process i containing fluorine-containing
reactants, products, and by-products over the period p,
calculated in Equation L-7 of this section.v = Number of fluorine-containing reactants fed into process i.
(4) The mass of total fluorine in destroyed or recaptured streams containing fluorine-containing reactants, products, and by-products must be estimated at least monthly using Equation L-7 of this section unless you use the alternative approach provided in paragraph (b)(15) of this section.[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11DE14.011 Where: FD = Total mass of fluorine in destroyed or recaptured
streams from process i containing fluorine-containing
reactants, products, and by-products over the period p.Pj = Mass of the fluorine-containing product removed from
process i in stream j and destroyed over the period p
(calculated in Equation L-8 or L-9 of this section).Bkj = Mass of fluorine-containing by-product k removed from
process i in stream j and destroyed over the period p
(calculated in Equation L-8 or L-9 of this section).Bkl = Mass of fluorine-containing by-product k removed from
process i in stream l and recaptured over the period p.Rdj = Mass of fluorine-containing reactant d removed from
process i in stream j and destroyed over the period p
(calculated in Equation L-8 or L-9 of this section).MFFRd = Mass fraction of fluorine in reactant d, calculated
in Equation L-14 of this section. MFFP = Mass fraction of fluorine in the product, calculated
in Equation L-15 of this section.MFFBk = Mass fraction of fluorine in by-product k, calculated
in Equation L-16 of this section.q = Number of streams destroyed in process i.x = Number of streams recaptured in process i.u = Number of fluorine-containing by-products generated in process i.v = Number of fluorine-containing reactants fed into process i.
(5) The mass of each fluorinated GHG removed from process i in stream j and destroyed over the period p (i.e., Pj, Bkj, or Rdj, as applicable) must be estimated by applying the destruction efficiency (DE) of the device that has been demonstrated for the fluorinated GHG f to fluorinated GHG f using Equation L-8 of this section:[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11DE14.012 Where: MFGHGfj = Mass of fluorinated GHG f removed from process i in
stream j and destroyed over the period p. (This may be
Pj, Bkj, or Rdj, as
applicable.)DEFGHGf = Destruction efficiency of the device that has been
demonstrated for fluorinated GHG f in stream j (fraction).CFGHGfj = Concentration (mass fraction) of fluorinated GHG f
in stream j removed from process i and fed into the
destruction device over the period p. If this concentration is
only a trace concentration, cF-GHGfj is equal to
zero.Sj = Mass removed in stream j from process i and fed into the
destruction device over the period p (metric tons).
(6) The mass of each fluorine-containing compound that is not a fluorinated GHG and that is removed from process i in stream j and destroyed over the period p (i.e., Pj, Bkj, or Rdj, as applicable) must be estimated using Equation L-9 of this section.[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11DE14.013 Where: MFCgj = Mass of non-GHG fluorine-containing compound g
removed from process i in stream j and destroyed over the
period p. (This may be Pj, Bkj, or
Rdj, as applicable).cFCgj = Concentration (mass fraction) of non-GHG fluorine-
containing compound g in stream j removed from process i and
fed into the destruction device over the period p. If this
concentration is only a trace concentration, cFCgj
is equal to zero.Sj = Mass removed in stream j from process i and fed into the
destruction device over the period p (metric tons).
(7) The mass of fluorine-containing by-product k removed from process i in stream l and recaptured over the period p must be estimated using Equation L-10 of this section:[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11DE14.014 Where:Bkl = Mass of fluorine-containing by-product k removed from
process i in stream l and recaptured over the period p (metric
tons).cBkl = Concentration (mass fraction) of fluorine-containing
by-product k in stream l removed from process i and recaptured
over the period p. If this concentration is only a trace
concentration, cBkl is equal to zero.Sl = Mass removed in stream l from process i and recaptured
over the period p (metric tons).
(8) To estimate the terms FERd, FEP, and FEBk for Equations L-11, L-12, and L-13 of this section, you must assume that the total mass of fluorine emitted, EF, estimated in Equation L-6 of this section, occurs in the form of the fluorinated GHG that has the highest GWP among the fluorinated GHGs that occur in more than trace concentrations in the process unless you possess emission characterization measurements showing otherwise. These emission characterization measurements must meet the requirements in paragraph (8)(i), (ii), or (iii) of this section, as appropriate. The sum of the terms must equal 1. You must document the data and calculations that are used to speciate individual compounds and to estimate FERd, FEP, and FEBk. Exclude from your calculations the fluorine included in FD. For example, exclude fluorine-containing compounds that are not fluorinated GHGs and that result from the destruction of fluorinated GHGs by any destruction devices (e.g., the mass of HF created by combustion of an HFC). However, include emissions of fluorinated GHGs that survive the destruction process.
(i) If the calculations under paragraph (b)(1)(viii) of this section, or any subsequent measurements and calculations under this subpart, indicate that the process emits 25,000 metric tons CO2e or more, estimate the emissions from each process vent, considering controls, using the methods in Sec. 98.123(c)(1). You must characterize the emissions of any process vent that emits 25,000 metric tons CO2e or more as specified in Sec. 98.124(b)(4).
(ii) For other vents, including vents from processes that emit less than 25,000 metric tons CO2e, you must characterize emissions as specified in Sec. 98.124(b)(5).
(iii) For fluorine emissions that are not accounted for by vent estimates, you must characterize emissions as specified in Sec. 98.124(b)(6).
(9) The total mass of fluorine-containing reactant d emitted must be estimated at least monthly based on the total fluorine emitted and the fraction that consists of fluorine-containing reactants using Equation L-11 of this section. If the fluorine-containing reactant d is a non-GHG, you may assume that FERd is zero.[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11DE14.015 Where: ER-ip = Total mass of fluorine-containing reactant d that is
emitted from process i over the period p (metric tons).FERd = The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of the
fluorine-containing reactant d.EF = Total mass of fluorine emissions from process i over the
period p (metric tons), calculated in Equation L-6 of this
section.FEP = The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of the fluorine-
containing product.FEBk = The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of
fluorine-containing by-product k.MFFRd = Mass fraction of fluorine in reactant d, calculated
in Equation L-14 of this section.MFFP = Mass fraction of fluorine in the product, calculated
in Equation L-15 of this section.MFFBk = Mass fraction of fluorine in by-product k,
calculation in Equation L-16 of this section.u = Number of fluorine-containing by-products generated in process i.v = Number of fluorine-containing reactants fed into process i.
(10) The total mass of fluorine-containing product emitted must be estimated at least monthly based on the total fluorine emitted and the fraction that consists of fluorine-containing products using Equation L-12 of this section. If the fluorine-containing product is a non-GHG, you may assume that FEP is zero.[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11DE14.016 Where: EP-ip = Total mass of fluorine-containing product emitted
from process i over the period p (metric tons).FEP = The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of the fluorine-
containing product.EF = Total mass of fluorine emissions from process i over the
period p (metric tons), calculated in Equation L-6 of this
section.FERd = The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of
fluorine-containing reactant d.FEBk = The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of
fluorine-containing by-product k.MFFRd = Mass fraction of fluorine in reactant d, calculated
in Equation L-14 of this section.MFFP = Mass fraction of fluorine in the product, calculated
in Equation L-15 of this section.MFFBk = Mass fraction of fluorine in by-product k,
calculation in Equation L-16 of this section.u = Number of fluorine-containing by-products generated in process i.v = Number of fluorine-containing reactants fed into process i.
(11) The total mass of fluorine-containing by-product k emitted must be estimated at least monthly based on the total fluorine emitted and the fraction that consists of fluorine-containing by-products using Equation L-13 of this section. If fluorine-containing by-product k is a non-GHG, you may assume that FEBk is zero.[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11DE14.017 Where: EBk-ip = Total mass of fluorine-containing by-product k
emitted from process i over the period p (metric tons).FEBk = The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of
fluorine-containing by-product k.FERd = The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of
fluorine-containing reactant d.FEP = The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of the fluorine-
containing product.EF = Total mass of fluorine emissions from process i over the
period p (metric tons), calculated in Equation L-6 of this
section.MFFRd = Mass fraction of fluorine in reactant d, calculated
in Equation L-14 of this section.MFFP = Mass fraction of fluorine in the product, calculated
in Equation L-15 of this section.MFFBk = Mass fraction of fluorine in by-product k,
calculation in Equation L-16 of this section.u = Number of fluorine-containing by-products generated in process i.v = Number of fluorine-containing reactants fed into process i.
(12) The mass fraction of fluorine in reactant d must be estimated using Equation L-14 of this section:[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11DE14.018 Where: MFFRd = Mass fraction of fluorine in reactant d (fraction).MFRd = Moles fluorine per mole of reactant d.AWF = Atomic weight of fluorine.MWRd = Molecular weight of reactant d.
(13) The mass fraction of fluorine in the product must be estimated using Equation L-15 of this section: [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11DE14.019 Where:MFFP = Mass fraction of fluorine in the product (fraction).MFP = Moles fluorine per mole of product.AWF = Atomic weight of fluorine.MWP = Molecular weight of the product produced.
(14) The mass fraction of fluorine in by-product k must be estimated using Equation L-16 of this section:[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11DE14.020 Where: MFFBk = Mass fraction of fluorine in the product (fraction).MFBk = Moles fluorine per mole of by-product k.AWF = Atomic weight of fluorine.MWBk = Molecular weight of by-product k.
(15) Alternative for determining the mass of fluorine destroyed or recaptured. As an alternative to using Equation L-7 of this section as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, you may estimate at least monthly the total mass of fluorine in destroyed or recaptured streams containing fluorine-containing compounds (including all fluorine-containing reactants, products, and byproducts) using Equation L-17 of this section.[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11DE14.021 Where: FD = Total mass of fluorine in destroyed or recaptured
streams from process i containing fluorine-containing
reactants, products, and by-products over the period p.DEavgj = Weighted average destruction efficiency of the
destruction device for the fluorine-containing compounds
identified in destroyed stream j under Sec. 98.124(b)(4)(ii)
and (5)(ii) (calculated in Equation L-18 of this
section)(fraction).cTFj = Concentration (mass fraction) of total fluorine in
stream j removed from process i and fed into the destruction
device over the period p. If this concentration is only a
trace concentration, cTFj is equal to zero.Sj = Mass removed in stream j from process i and fed into the
destruction device over the period p (metric tons).cTFl = Concentration (mass fraction) of total fluorine in
stream l removed from process i and recaptured over the period
p. If this concentration is only a trace concentration,
cBkl is equal to zero.Sl = Mass removed in stream l from process i and recaptured
over the period p.q = Number of streams destroyed in process i.x = Number of streams recaptured in process i.
(16) Weighted average destruction efficiency. For purposes of Equation L-17 of this section, calculate the weighted average destruction efficiency applicable to a destroyed stream using Equation L-18 of this section. [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11DE14.022 Where: DEavgj = Weighted average destruction efficiency of the
destruction device for the fluorine-containing compounds
identified in destroyed stream j under 98.124(b)(4)(ii) or
(b)(5)(ii), as appropriate.DEFGHGf = Destruction efficiency of the device that has been
(5)(ii), as appropriate.DEFGHGf = Destruction efficiency of the device that has been
(ii), as appropriate.DEFGHGf = Destruction efficiency of the device that has been
demonstrated for fluorinated GHG f in stream j (fraction).cFGHGfj = Concentration (mass fraction) of fluorinated GHG f
in stream j removed from process i and fed into the
destruction device over the period p. If this concentration is
only a trace concentration, cF-GHGfj is equal to
zero.cFCgj = Concentration (mass fraction) of non-GHG fluorine-
containing compound g in stream j removed from process i and
fed into the destruction device over the period p. If this
concentration is only a trace concentration, cFCgj
is equal to zero.Sj = Mass removed in stream j from process i and fed into the
destruction device over the period p (metric tons).MFFFGHGf = Mass fraction of fluorine in fluorinated GHG f,
calculated in Equation L-14, L-15, or L-16 of this section, as
appropriate.MFFFCg = Mass fraction of fluorine in non-GHG fluorine-
containing compound g, calculated in Equation L-14, L-15, or
L-16 of this section, as appropriate.w = Number of fluorinated GHGs in destroyed stream j.y = Number of non-GHG fluorine-containing compounds in destroyed stream
j.
2. Mass Balance Method for Sec. 98.124(b). [Note: Numbering convention here matches original rule text, 75 FR 74774, December 1, 2010.]
(b) Mass balance monitoring. If you determine fluorinated GHG emissions from any process using the mass balance method under Sec. 98.123(b), you must estimate the total mass of each fluorinated GHG emitted from that process at least monthly. Only streams that contain greater than trace concentrations of fluorine-containing reactants, products, or by-products must be monitored under this paragraph. If you use an element other than fluorine in the mass-balance equation pursuant to Sec. 98.123(b)(3), substitute that element for fluorine in the monitoring requirements of this paragraph.
(1) Mass measurements. Measure the following masses on a monthly or more frequent basis using flowmeters, weigh scales, or a combination of volumetric and density measurements with accuracies and precisions that allow the facility to meet the error criteria in Sec. 98.123(b)(1):
(i) Total mass of each fluorine-containing product produced. Account for any used fluorine-containing product added into the production process upstream of the output measurement as directed at Sec. Sec. 98.413(b) and 98.414(b). For each product, the mass produced used for the mass-balance calculation must be the same as the mass produced that is reported under subpart OO of this part, where applicable.
(ii) Total mass of each fluorine-containing reactant fed into the process.
(iii) The mass removed from the process in each stream fed into the destruction device.
(iv) The mass removed from the process in each recaptured stream.
(2) Concentration measurements for use with Sec. 98.123(b)(4). If you use Sec. 98.123(b)(4) to estimate the mass of fluorine in destroyed or recaptured streams, measure the following concentrations at least once each calendar month during which the process is operating, on a schedule to ensure that the measurements are representative of the full range of process conditions (e.g., catalyst age). Measure more frequently if this is necessary to meet the error criteria in Sec. 98.123(b)(1). Use equipment and methods (e.g., gas chromatography) that comply with paragraph (e) of this section and that have an accuracy and precision that allow the facility to meet the error criteria in Sec. 98.123(b)(1). Only fluorine-containing reactants, products, and by-products that occur in a stream in greater than trace concentrations must be monitored under this paragraph.
(i) The concentration (mass fraction) of the fluorine-containing product in each stream that is fed into the destruction device.
(ii) The concentration (mass fraction) of each fluorine-containing by-product in each stream that is fed into the destruction device.
(iii) The concentration (mass fraction) of each fluorine-containing reactant in each stream that is fed into the destruction device.
(iv) The concentration (mass fraction) of each fluorine-containing by-product in each stream that is recaptured (cBkl).
(3) Concentration measurements for use with Sec. 98.123(b)(15). If you use Sec. 98.123(b)(15) to estimate the mass of fluorine in destroyed or recaptured streams, measure the concentrations listed in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) and (ii) of this section at least once each calendar month during which the process is operating, on a schedule to ensure that the measurements are representative of the full range of process conditions (e.g., catalyst age). Measure more frequently if this is necessary to meet the error criteria in Sec. 98.123(b)(1). Use equipment and methods (e.g., gas chromatography) that comply with paragraph (e) of this section and that have an accuracy and precision that allow the facility to meet the error criteria in Sec. 98.123(b)(1). Only fluorine-containing reactants, products, and by-products that occur in a stream in greater than trace concentrations must be monitored under this paragraph.
(i) The concentration (mass fraction) of total fluorine in each stream that is fed into the destruction device.
(ii) The concentration (mass fraction) of total fluorine in each stream that is recaptured.
(4) Emissions characterization: process vents emitting 25,000 metric tons CO2e or more. To characterize emissions from any process vent emitting 25,000 metric tons CO2e or more, comply with paragraphs (b)(4)(i) through (b)(4)(v) of this section, as appropriate. Only fluorine-containing reactants, products, and by-products that occur in a stream in greater than trace concentrations must be monitored under this paragraph.
(i) Uncontrolled emissions. If emissions from the process vent are not routed through a destruction device, sample and analyze emissions at the process vent or stack or sample and analyze emitted streams before the process vent. If the process has more than one operating scenario, you must either perform the emission characterization for each operating scenario or perform the emission characterization for the operating scenario that is expected to have the largest emissions and adjust the emission characterization for other scenarios using engineering calculations and assessments as specified in Sec. 98.123(c)(4). To perform the characterization, take three samples under conditions that are representative for the operating scenario. Measure the concentration of each fluorine-containing compound in each sample. Use equipment and methods that comply with paragraph (e) of this section. Calculate the average concentration of each fluorine-containing compound across all three samples.
(ii) Controlled emissions using Sec. 98.123(b)(15). If you use Sec. 98.123(b)(15) to estimate the total mass of fluorine in destroyed or recaptured streams, and if the emissions from the process vent are routed through a destruction device, characterize emissions as specified in paragraph (b)(4)(i) of this section before the destruction device. Apply the destruction efficiency demonstrated for each fluorinated GHG in the destroyed stream to that fluorinated GHG. Exclude from the characterization fluorine-containing compounds that are not fluorinated GHGs.
(iii) Controlled emissions using Sec. 98.123(b)(4). If you use Sec. 98.123(b)(4) to estimate the mass of fluorine in destroyed or recaptured streams, and if the emissions from the process vent are routed through a destruction device, characterize the process vent's emissions monthly (or more frequently) using the monthly (or more frequent) measurements under paragraphs (b)(1)(iii) and (b)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section. Apply the destruction efficiency demonstrated for each fluorinated GHG in the destroyed stream to that fluorinated GHG. Exclude from the characterization fluorine-containing compounds that are not fluorinated GHGs.
(iv) Emissions characterization frequency. You must repeat emission characterizations performed under paragraph (b)(4)(i) and (ii) of this section under paragraph (b)(4)(iv)(A) or (B) of this section, whichever occurs first:
(A) 10-year revision. Repeat the emission characterization every 10 years. In the calculations under Sec. 98.123, apply the revised emission characterization to the process activity that occurs after the revision.
(B) Operating scenario change that affects the emission characterization. For planned operating scenario changes, you must estimate and compare the emission calculation factors for the changed operating scenario and for the original operating scenario whose process vent specific emission factor was measured. Use the engineering calculations and assessments specified in Sec. 98.123(c)(4). If the share of total fluorine-containing compound emissions represented by any fluorinated GHG changes under the changed operating scenario by 15 percent or more of the total, relative to the previous operating scenario (this includes the cumulative change in the emission calculation factor since the last emissions test), you must repeat the emission characterization. Perform the emission characterization before February 28 of the year that immediately follows the change. In the calculations under Sec. 98.123, apply the revised emission characterization to the process activity that occurs after the operating scenario change.
(v) Subsequent measurements. If a process vent with fluorinated GHG emissions less than 25,000 metric tons CO2e, per Sec. 98.123(c)(2), is later found to have fluorinated GHG emissions of 25,000 metric tons CO2e or greater, you must perform an emission characterization under this paragraph during the following year.
(5) Emissions characterization: Process vents emitting less than 25,000 metric tons CO2e. To characterize emissions from any process vent emitting less than 25,000 metric tons CO2e, comply with paragraphs (b)(5)(i) through (iii) of this section, as appropriate. Only fluorine-containing reactants, products, and by-products that occur in a stream in greater than trace concentrations must be monitored under this paragraph.
(i) Uncontrolled emissions. If emissions from the process vent are not routed through a destruction device, emission measurements must consist of sampling and analysis of emissions at the process vent or stack, sampling and analysis of emitted streams before the process vent, previous test results, provided the tests are representative of current operating conditions of the process, or bench-scale or pilot-scale test data representative of the process operating conditions.
(ii) Controlled emissions using Sec. 98.123(b)(15). If you use Sec. 98.123(b)(15) to estimate the total mass of fluorine in destroyed or recaptured streams, and if the emissions from the process vent are routed through a destruction device, characterize emissions as specified in paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this section before the destruction device. Apply the destruction efficiency demonstrated for each fluorinated GHG in the destroyed stream to that fluorinated GHG. Exclude from the characterization fluorine-containing compounds that are not fluorinated GHGs.
(iii) Controlled emissions using Sec. 98.123(b)(4). If you use Sec. 98.123(b)(4) to estimate the mass of fluorine in destroyed or recaptured streams, and if the emissions from the process vent are routed through a destruction device, characterize the process vent's emissions monthly (or more frequently) using the monthly (or more frequent) measurements under paragraphs (b)(1)(iii) and (b)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section. Apply the destruction efficiency demonstrated for each fluorinated GHG in the destroyed stream to that fluorinated GHG. Exclude from the characterization fluorine-containing compounds that are not fluorinated GHGs.
(6) Emissions characterization: Emissions not accounted for by process vent estimates. Calculate the weighted average emission characterization across the process vents before any destruction devices. Apply the weighted average emission characterization for all the process vents to any fluorine emissions that are not accounted for by process vent estimates.
(7) Impurities in reactants. If any fluorine-containing impurity is fed into a process along with a reactant (or other input) in greater than trace concentrations, this impurity shall be monitored under this section and included in the calculations under Sec. 98.123 in the same manner as reactants fed into the process, fed into the destruction device, recaptured, or emitted, except the concentration of the impurity in the mass fed into the process shall be measured, and the mass of the impurity fed into the process shall be calculated as the product of the concentration of the impurity and the mass fed into the process. The mass of the reactant fed into the process may be reduced to account for the mass of the impurity.
(8) Alternative to error calculation. As an alternative to calculating the relative and absolute errors associated with the estimate of emissions under Sec. 98.123(b), you may comply with the precision, accuracy, measurement and calculation frequency, and fluorinated GHG throughput requirements of paragraph (b)(8)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(i) Mass measurements. Measure the masses specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section using flowmeters, weigh scales, or a combination of volumetric and density measurements with accuracies and precisions of 0.2 percent of full scale or better.
(ii) Concentration measurements. Measure the concentrations specified in paragraph (b)(2) or (3) of this section, as applicable, using analytical methods with accuracies and precisions of 10 percent or better.
(iii) Measurement and calculation frequency. Perform the mass measurements specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section and the concentration measurements specified in paragraph (b)(2) or (3) of this section, as applicable, at least weekly, and calculate emissions at least weekly.
(iv) Fluorinated-GHG throughput limit. You may use the alternative to the error calculation specified in paragraph (b)(8) of this section only if the total annual CO2-equivalent fluorinated GHG throughput of the process is 500,000 mtCO2e or less. The total throughput is the sum of the masses of the fluorinated GHG reactants, products, and by-products fed into and generated by the process. To convert these masses to CO2e, use Equation A-1 of Sec. 98.2. For fluorinated GHGs whose GWPs are not listed in Table A-1 to subpart A of this part, use a default GWP of 2,000. [79 FR 73789, Dec. 11, 2014] Subpart M [Reserved]