(a) No person or entity in the United States shall, with the intent to defraud, cause harm, or wrongfully obtain anything of value, knowingly cause, directly or indirectly, any caller identification service to transmit or display misleading or inaccurate caller identification information.
(b) Exemptions. Paragraph (a) of this section shall not apply to:
(1) Lawfully authorized investigative, protective, or intelligence activity of a law enforcement agency of the United States, a State, or a political subdivision of a State, or of an intelligence agency of the United States; or
(2) Activity engaged in pursuant to a court order that specifically authorizes the use of caller identification manipulation.
(c) A person or entity that blocks or seeks to block a caller identification service from transmitting or displaying that person or entity's own caller identification information pursuant to Sec. 64.1601(b) of this part shall not be liable for violating the prohibition in paragraph (a) of this section. This paragraph (c) does not relieve any person or entity that engages in telemarketing, as defined in Sec. 64.1200(f)(10) of this part, of the obligation to transmit caller identification information under Sec. 64.1601(e). [76 FR 43205, July 20, 2011]