|
Section 23.1
|
Special retroactive requirements |
|
Section 23.2
|
Airplane categories |
|
Section 23.3
|
Proof of compliance |
|
Section 23.21
|
Load distribution limits |
|
Section 23.23
|
Weight limits |
|
Section 23.25
|
Empty weight and corresponding center of gravity |
|
Section 23.29
|
Removable ballast |
|
Section 23.31
|
Propeller speed and pitch limits |
|
Section 23.33
|
General |
|
Section 23.45
|
Stalling speed |
|
Section 23.49
|
Takeoff speeds |
|
Section 23.51
|
Takeoff performance |
|
Section 23.53
|
Accelerate-stop distance |
|
Section 23.55
|
Takeoff path |
|
Section 23.57
|
Takeoff distance and takeoff run |
|
Section 23.59
|
Takeoff flight path |
|
Section 23.61
|
Climb: General |
|
Section 23.63
|
Climb: All engines operating |
|
Section 23.65
|
Takeoff climb: One-engine inoperative |
|
Section 23.66
|
Climb: One engine inoperative |
|
Section 23.67
|
Enroute climb/descent |
|
Section 23.69
|
Glide: Single-engine airplanes |
|
Section 23.71
|
Reference landing approach speed |
|
Section 23.73
|
Landing distance |
|
Section 23.75
|
Balked landing |
|
Section 23.77
|
General |
|
Section 23.141
|
General |
|
Section 23.143
|
Longitudinal control |
|
Section 23.145
|
Directional and lateral control |
|
Section 23.147
|
Minimum control speed |
|
Section 23.149
|
Acrobatic maneuvers |
|
Section 23.151
|
Control during landings |
|
Section 23.153
|
Elevator control force in maneuvers |
|
Section 23.155
|
Rate of roll |
|
Section 23.157
|
Trim |
|
Section 23.161
|
General |
|
Section 23.171
|
Static longitudinal stability |
|
Section 23.173
|
Demonstration of static longitudinal stability |
|
Section 23.175
|
Static directional and lateral stability |
|
Section 23.177
|
Dynamic stability |
|
Section 23.181
|
Wings level stall |
|
Section 23.201
|
Turning flight and accelerated turning stalls |
|
Section 23.203
|
Stall warning |
|
Section 23.207
|
Spinning |
|
Section 23.221
|
Longitudinal stability and control |
|
Section 23.231
|
Directional stability and control |
|
Section 23.233
|
Operation on unpaved surfaces |
|
Section 23.235
|
Operation on water |
|
Section 23.237
|
Spray characteristics |
|
Section 23.239
|
Vibration and buffeting |
|
Section 23.251
|
High speed characteristics |
|
Section 23.253
|
Out of trim characteristics |
|
Section 23.255
|
Loads |
|
Section 23.301
|
Canard or tandem wing configurations |
|
Section 23.302
|
Factor of safety |
|
Section 23.303
|
Strength and deformation |
|
Section 23.305
|
Proof of structure |
|
Section 23.307
|
General |
|
Section 23.321
|
Symmetrical flight conditions |
|
Section 23.331
|
Flight envelope |
|
Section 23.333
|
Design airspeeds |
|
Section 23.335
|
Limit maneuvering load factors |
|
Section 23.337
|
Gust loads factors |
|
Section 23.341
|
Design fuel loads |
|
Section 23.343
|
High lift devices |
|
Section 23.345
|
Unsymmetrical flight conditions |
|
Section 23.347
|
Rolling conditions |
|
Section 23.349
|
Yawing conditions |
|
Section 23.351
|
Engine torque |
|
Section 23.361
|
Side load on engine mount |
|
Section 23.363
|
Pressurized cabin loads |
|
Section 23.365
|
Unsymmetrical loads due to engine failure |
|
Section 23.367
|
Rear lift truss |
|
Section 23.369
|
Gyroscopic and aerodynamic loads |
|
Section 23.371
|
Speed control devices |
|
Section 23.373
|
Control surface loads |
|
Section 23.391
|
Loads parallel to hinge line |
|
Section 23.393
|
Control system loads |
|
Section 23.395
|
Limit control forces and torques |
|
Section 23.397
|
Dual control system |
|
Section 23.399
|
Secondary control system |
|
Section 23.405
|
Trim tab effects |
|
Section 23.407
|
Tabs |
|
Section 23.409
|
Ground gust conditions |
|
Section 23.415
|
Maneuvering loads |
|
Section 23.423
|
Gust loads |
|
Section 23.425
|
Unsymmetrical loads |
|
Section 23.427
|
Maneuvering loads |
|
Section 23.441
|
Gust loads |
|
Section 23.443
|
Outboard fins or winglets |
|
Section 23.445
|
Ailerons |
|
Section 23.455
|
Special devices |
|
Section 23.459
|
General |
|
Section 23.471
|
Ground load conditions and assumptions |
|
Section 23.473
|
Landing gear arrangement |
|
Section 23.477
|
Level landing conditions |
|
Section 23.479
|
Tail down landing conditions |
|
Section 23.481
|
One-wheel landing conditions |
|
Section 23.483
|
Side load conditions |
|
Section 23.485
|
Braked roll conditions |
|
Section 23.493
|
Supplementary conditions for tail wheels |
|
Section 23.497
|
Supplementary conditions for nose wheels |
|
Section 23.499
|
Supplementary conditions for skiplanes |
|
Section 23.505
|
Jacking loads |
|
Section 23.507
|
Towing loads |
|
Section 23.509
|
Ground load; unsymmetrical loads on multiple-wheel units |
|
Section 23.511
|
Water load conditions |
|
Section 23.521
|
Design weights and center of gravity positions |
|
Section 23.523
|
Application of loads |
|
Section 23.525
|
Hull and main float load factors |
|
Section 23.527
|
Hull and main float landing conditions |
|
Section 23.529
|
Hull and main float takeoff condition |
|
Section 23.531
|
Hull and main float bottom pressures |
|
Section 23.533
|
Auxiliary float loads |
|
Section 23.535
|
Seawing loads |
|
Section 23.537
|
General |
|
Section 23.561
|
Emergency landing dynamic conditions |
|
Section 23.562
|
Metallic pressurized cabin structures |
|
Section 23.571
|
Metallic wing, empennage, and associated structures |
|
Section 23.572
|
Damage tolerance and fatigue evaluation of structure |
|
Section 23.573
|
Metallic damage tolerance and fatigue evaluation of commuter category airplanes |
|
Section 23.574
|
Inspections and other procedures |
|
Section 23.575
|
General |
|
Section 23.601
|
Materials and workmanship |
|
Section 23.603
|
Fabrication methods |
|
Section 23.605
|
Fasteners |
|
Section 23.607
|
Protection of structure |
|
Section 23.609
|
Accessibility provisions |
|
Section 23.611
|
Material strength properties and design values |
|
Section 23.613
|
Special factors |
|
Section 23.619
|
Casting factors |
|
Section 23.621
|
Bearing factors |
|
Section 23.623
|
Fitting factors |
|
Section 23.625
|
Fatigue strength |
|
Section 23.627
|
Flutter |
|
Section 23.629
|
Proof of strength |
|
Section 23.641
|
Proof of strength |
|
Section 23.651
|
Installation |
|
Section 23.655
|
Hinges |
|
Section 23.657
|
Mass balance |
|
Section 23.659
|
General |
|
Section 23.671
|
Stability augmentation and automatic and power-operated systems |
|
Section 23.672
|
Primary flight controls |
|
Section 23.673
|
Stops |
|
Section 23.675
|
Trim systems |
|
Section 23.677
|
Control system locks |
|
Section 23.679
|
Limit load static tests |
|
Section 23.681
|
Operation tests |
|
Section 23.683
|
Control system details |
|
Section 23.685
|
Spring devices |
|
Section 23.687
|
Cable systems |
|
Section 23.689
|
Artificial stall barrier system |
|
Section 23.691
|
Joints |
|
Section 23.693
|
Wing flap controls |
|
Section 23.697
|
Wing flap position indicator |
|
Section 23.699
|
Flap interconnection |
|
Section 23.701
|
Takeoff warning system |
|
Section 23.703
|
General |
|
Section 23.721
|
Shock absorption tests |
|
Section 23.723
|
Limit drop tests |
|
Section 23.725
|
Ground load dynamic tests |
|
Section 23.726
|
Reserve energy absorption drop test |
|
Section 23.727
|
Landing gear extension and retraction system |
|
Section 23.729
|
Wheels |
|
Section 23.731
|
Tires |
|
Section 23.733
|
Brakes |
|
Section 23.735
|
Skis |
|
Section 23.737
|
Nose/tail wheel steering |
|
Section 23.745
|
Main float buoyancy |
|
Section 23.751
|
Main float design |
|
Section 23.753
|
Hulls |
|
Section 23.755
|
Auxiliary floats |
|
Section 23.757
|
Pilot compartment |
|
Section 23.771
|
Pilot compartment view |
|
Section 23.773
|
Windshields and windows |
|
Section 23.775
|
Cockpit controls |
|
Section 23.777
|
Motion and effect of cockpit controls |
|
Section 23.779
|
Cockpit control knob shape |
|
Section 23.781
|
Doors |
|
Section 23.783
|
Seats, berths, litters, safety belts, and shoulder harnesses |
|
Section 23.785
|
Baggage and cargo compartments |
|
Section 23.787
|
Passenger information signs |
|
Section 23.791
|
Emergency evacuation |
|
Section 23.803
|
Flightcrew emergency exits |
|
Section 23.805
|
Emergency exits |
|
Section 23.807
|
Emergency exit marking |
|
Section 23.811
|
Emergency lighting |
|
Section 23.812
|
Emergency exit access |
|
Section 23.813
|
Width of aisle |
|
Section 23.815
|
Ventilation |
|
Section 23.831
|
Pressurized cabins |
|
Section 23.841
|
Pressurization tests |
|
Section 23.843
|
Fire extinguishers |
|
Section 23.851
|
Passenger and crew compartment interiors |
|
Section 23.853
|
Cargo and baggage compartment fire protection |
|
Section 23.855
|
Thermal/acoustic insulation materials |
|
Section 23.856
|
Combustion heater fire protection |
|
Section 23.859
|
Flammable fluid fire protection |
|
Section 23.863
|
Fire protection of flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structure |
|
Section 23.865
|
Electrical bonding and protection against lightning and static electricity |
|
Section 23.867
|
Leveling means |
|
Section 23.871
|
Installation |
|
Section 23.901
|
Engines |
|
Section 23.903
|
Automatic power reserve system |
|
Section 23.904
|
Propellers |
|
Section 23.905
|
Propeller vibration and fatigue |
|
Section 23.907
|
Turbocharger systems |
|
Section 23.909
|
Propeller clearance |
|
Section 23.925
|
Engine installation ice protection |
|
Section 23.929
|
Reversing systems |
|
Section 23.933
|
Turbojet and turbofan engine thrust reverser systems tests |
|
Section 23.934
|
Turbopropeller-drag limiting systems |
|
Section 23.937
|
Powerplant operating characteristics |
|
Section 23.939
|
Negative acceleration |
|
Section 23.943
|
General |
|
Section 23.951
|
Fuel system independence |
|
Section 23.953
|
Fuel system lightning protection |
|
Section 23.954
|
Fuel flow |
|
Section 23.955
|
Flow between interconnected tanks |
|
Section 23.957
|
Unusable fuel supply |
|
Section 23.959
|
Fuel system hot weather operation |
|
Section 23.961
|
Fuel tanks: General |
|
Section 23.963
|
Fuel tank tests |
|
Section 23.965
|
Fuel tank installation |
|
Section 23.967
|
Fuel tank expansion space |
|
Section 23.969
|
Fuel tank sump |
|
Section 23.971
|
Fuel tank filler connection |
|
Section 23.973
|
Fuel tank vents and carburetor vapor vents |
|
Section 23.975
|
Fuel tank outlet |
|
Section 23.977
|
Pressure fueling systems |
|
Section 23.979
|
Fuel pumps |
|
Section 23.991
|
Fuel system lines and fittings |
|
Section 23.993
|
Fuel system components |
|
Section 23.994
|
Fuel valves and controls |
|
Section 23.995
|
Fuel strainer or filter |
|
Section 23.997
|
Fuel system drains |
|
Section 23.999
|
Fuel jettisoning system |
|
Section 23.1001
|
General |
|
Section 23.1011
|
Oil tanks |
|
Section 23.1013
|
Oil tank tests |
|
Section 23.1015
|
Oil lines and fittings |
|
Section 23.1017
|
Oil strainer or filter |
|
Section 23.1019
|
Oil system drains |
|
Section 23.1021
|
Oil radiators |
|
Section 23.1023
|
Propeller feathering system |
|
Section 23.1027
|
General |
|
Section 23.1041
|
Cooling tests |
|
Section 23.1043
|
Cooling test procedures for turbine engine powered airplanes |
|
Section 23.1045
|
Cooling test procedures for reciprocating engine powered airplanes |
|
Section 23.1047
|
Installation |
|
Section 23.1061
|
Coolant tank tests |
|
Section 23.1063
|
Air induction system |
|
Section 23.1091
|
Induction system icing protection |
|
Section 23.1093
|
Carburetor deicing fluid flow rate |
|
Section 23.1095
|
Carburetor deicing fluid system capacity |
|
Section 23.1097
|
Carburetor deicing fluid system detail design |
|
Section 23.1099
|
Induction air preheater design |
|
Section 23.1101
|
Induction system ducts |
|
Section 23.1103
|
Induction system screens |
|
Section 23.1105
|
Induction system filters |
|
Section 23.1107
|
Turbocharger bleed air system |
|
Section 23.1109
|
Turbine engine bleed air system |
|
Section 23.1111
|
General |
|
Section 23.1121
|
Exhaust system |
|
Section 23.1123
|
Exhaust heat exchangers |
|
Section 23.1125
|
Powerplant controls: General |
|
Section 23.1141
|
Auxiliary power unit controls |
|
Section 23.1142
|
Engine controls |
|
Section 23.1143
|
Ignition switches |
|
Section 23.1145
|
Mixture controls |
|
Section 23.1147
|
Propeller speed and pitch controls |
|
Section 23.1149
|
Propeller feathering controls |
|
Section 23.1153
|
Turbine engine reverse thrust and propeller pitch settings below the flight regime |
|
Section 23.1155
|
Carburetor air temperature controls |
|
Section 23.1157
|
Powerplant accessories |
|
Section 23.1163
|
Engine ignition systems |
|
Section 23.1165
|
Designated fire zones; regions included |
|
Section 23.1181
|
Nacelle areas behind firewalls |
|
Section 23.1182
|
Lines, fittings, and components |
|
Section 23.1183
|
Shutoff means |
|
Section 23.1189
|
Firewalls |
|
Section 23.1191
|
Engine accessory compartment diaphragm |
|
Section 23.1192
|
Cowling and nacelle |
|
Section 23.1193
|
Fire extinguishing systems |
|
Section 23.1195
|
Fire extinguishing agents |
|
Section 23.1197
|
Extinguishing agent containers |
|
Section 23.1199
|
Fire extinguishing systems materials |
|
Section 23.1201
|
Fire detector system |
|
Section 23.1203
|
Function and installation |
|
Section 23.1301
|
Flight and navigation instruments |
|
Section 23.1303
|
Powerplant instruments |
|
Section 23.1305
|
Electrical and electronic system lightning protection |
|
Section 23.1306
|
Miscellaneous equipment |
|
Section 23.1307
|
High-intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF) Protection |
|
Section 23.1308
|
Equipment, systems, and installations |
|
Section 23.1309
|
Power source capacity and distribution |
|
Section 23.1310
|
Electronic display instrument systems |
|
Section 23.1311
|
Arrangement and visibility |
|
Section 23.1321
|
Warning, caution, and advisory lights |
|
Section 23.1322
|
Airspeed indicating system |
|
Section 23.1323
|
Static pressure system |
|
Section 23.1325
|
Pitot heat indication systems |
|
Section 23.1326
|
Magnetic direction indicator |
|
Section 23.1327
|
Automatic pilot system |
|
Section 23.1329
|
Instruments using a power source |
|
Section 23.1331
|
Flight director systems |
|
Section 23.1335
|
Powerplant instruments installation |
|
Section 23.1337
|
General |
|
Section 23.1351
|
Storage battery design and installation |
|
Section 23.1353
|
Circuit protective devices |
|
Section 23.1357
|
Electrical system fire protection |
|
Section 23.1359
|
Master switch arrangement |
|
Section 23.1361
|
Electric cables and equipment |
|
Section 23.1365
|
Switches |
|
Section 23.1367
|
Instrument lights |
|
Section 23.1381
|
Taxi and landing lights |
|
Section 23.1383
|
Position light system installation |
|
Section 23.1385
|
Position light system dihedral angles |
|
Section 23.1387
|
Position light distribution and intensities |
|
Section 23.1389
|
Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of position lights |
|
Section 23.1391
|
Minimum intensities in any vertical plane of position lights |
|
Section 23.1393
|
Maximum intensities in overlapping beams of position lights |
|
Section 23.1395
|
Color specifications |
|
Section 23.1397
|
Riding light |
|
Section 23.1399
|
Anticollision light system |
|
Section 23.1401
|
General |
|
Section 23.1411
|
Ditching equipment |
|
Section 23.1415
|
Pneumatic de-icer boot system |
|
Section 23.1416
|
Ice protection |
|
Section 23.1419
|
Electronic equipment |
|
Section 23.1431
|
Hydraulic systems |
|
Section 23.1435
|
Accessories for multiengine airplanes |
|
Section 23.1437
|
Pressurization and pneumatic systems |
|
Section 23.1438
|
Oxygen equipment and supply |
|
Section 23.1441
|
Minimum mass flow of supplemental oxygen |
|
Section 23.1443
|
Oxygen distribution system |
|
Section 23.1445
|
Equipment standards for oxygen dispensing units |
|
Section 23.1447
|
Means for determining use of oxygen |
|
Section 23.1449
|
Chemical oxygen generators |
|
Section 23.1450
|
Fire protection for oxygen equipment |
|
Section 23.1451
|
Protection of oxygen equipment from rupture |
|
Section 23.1453
|
Cockpit voice recorders |
|
Section 23.1457
|
Flight data recorders |
|
Section 23.1459
|
Equipment containing high energy rotors |
|
Section 23.1461
|
General |
|
Section 23.1501
|
Airspeed limitations |
|
Section 23.1505
|
Operating maneuvering speed |
|
Section 23.1507
|
Flap extended speed |
|
Section 23.1511
|
Minimum control speed |
|
Section 23.1513
|
Weight and center of gravity |
|
Section 23.1519
|
Powerplant limitations |
|
Section 23.1521
|
Auxiliary power unit limitations |
|
Section 23.1522
|
Minimum flight crew |
|
Section 23.1523
|
Maximum passenger seating configuration |
|
Section 23.1524
|
Kinds of operation |
|
Section 23.1525
|
Maximum operating altitude |
|
Section 23.1527
|
Instructions for Continued Airworthiness |
|
Section 23.1529
|
General |
|
Section 23.1541
|
Instrument markings: General |
|
Section 23.1543
|
Airspeed indicator |
|
Section 23.1545
|
Magnetic direction indicator |
|
Section 23.1547
|
Powerplant and auxiliary power unit instruments |
|
Section 23.1549
|
Oil quantity indicator |
|
Section 23.1551
|
Fuel quantity indicator |
|
Section 23.1553
|
Control markings |
|
Section 23.1555
|
Miscellaneous markings and placards |
|
Section 23.1557
|
Operating limitations placard |
|
Section 23.1559
|
Safety equipment |
|
Section 23.1561
|
Airspeed placards |
|
Section 23.1563
|
Flight maneuver placard |
|
Section 23.1567
|
General |
|
Section 23.1581
|
Operating limitations |
|
Section 23.1583
|
Operating procedures |
|
Section 23.1585
|
Performance information |
|
Section 23.1587
|
Loading information |
|
Section 23.1589
|
Applicability |